Post on 03-Apr-2018
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Traffic Study:Traffic Impact Assessment
A brief note for Urban Transport CourseBy
Riza Atiq RahmatUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Traffic Study Traff ic Impact Assessment
Al l development w ill generate traff ic into current or futu re
transport facilities
Al l big development will generate internal traff ic
High density development will generate high volume of traffic
TIA wil l answer the question of :
What wi ll the effect of a development to the surrounding
transport facilities
What is the magnitude additional traffic due to the
development to the existing traffic
How will the additional traffic effect the current traffic
What is the proposal to alleviate or min imise the impact
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Developer
Architect / town planner
Local Authority
Instruction by the local authority toexecute TIA
Appointment of a transport engineer
Discussion to determine the scope, studyarea and study methodology
Collate existing data and information
Traffic survey
Analyses: Trip generation Modal split
Trip distribution Trip assignment Analyses of LOS (Level of service) Problem evaluation Proposal to alleviate or reduce the identified problems
Review the original lay-out plan and proposeany improvement to the client and land use
Final Report
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TIA Content
Existing government transport policies for the development
area
Structure plan and local plan prepared by the Local Authority
Existing traffic and public transport facilities
16 hours traffic count
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22
Masa
TrafficVolume(PCU/Hr
Menuju P/Bandar
Dari P/Bandar
1. Exist ing Situation
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Direction TrafficVolume
GreenTime (s)
Lane Capacity V/C ratio
South bound
- straight 658 32 2 980 0.67- Right turn 345 32 1 49 0.70- Left turn 542 59 1 903 0.60
North bound- straight 758 43 2 1317 0.58- Right turn 451 43 1 65 0.68- Left turn 621 61 1 934 0.66
West bound
- straight 598 27 2 827 0.72- Right turn 423 27 1 413 1.02- Left turn 597 70 1 1072 0.56
East bound- straight 527 18 2 551 0.96
- Right turn 287 18 1 275 1.04- Left tur 621 50 1 76 0.81
3465
54
6275
45
4259
59
28
5262
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Road safety record
Pedestrian facili ties
Identify all planned transport facilities in the vicini ty of
the development
Identify all other developments in the vicinity of the
development and quantify the combine impact to the
external traffic
Identify all existing public transport facilities and the
impact of the development to the facili ties
Identify potential traffic problem in the development
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Trip Generation
Land use Attraction per 100 sq.mfloo r area (morning)
Product ion per 100 sq.mfloor area (afternoon)
Office 3.7 person / hr 4.05 person / hr
Hospital 1.52 person / hr 1.32 person / hr
Shopping Centre 0.45 person / hr 0.95 person / hr
Primary school 2.5 person / hr 2.5 person / hr
High School 2.5 person / hr 2.5 person / hr
College / University 2.0 person / hr 1.8 person / hr
Land use Production per unit(morning)
Attraction per unit(afternoon)
Apartment 2.11 person / hr 1.79 person / hr
Condominium 2.05 person / hr 1.73 person / hr
Flat / low cost house 2.51 person / hr 2.10 person / hr
Single story link house 2.21 person / hr 1.81 person / hr
Double story link house 2.52 person / hr 2.15 person / hr
Semi detached house 2.55 person / hr 2.17 person / hr
Bungalow house 2.65 person / hr 2.25 person / hr
2. Analyses
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Example
MorningLand use Residential
unitProduction rate Morning
productionFla 845 2.51 2121Single story linkhouse
725 2.21 1602
Double story linkhouse
934 2.52 2354
Condominium 837 2.05 1716Total 7793
PetangLand use Residential
unitProductionrate
Morningproduction
Flat 845 2.1 1775Single story linkhouse
725 1.81 1312
Double story linkhouse
934 2.15 2008
Condominium 837 1.73 1448Total 6543
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Trip Distribution
Gravity Model
Pi Aj
Tij = Ki Kj Tij
Where Tij =Trip from zone i to zone j
P i = Production of zone i
Aj = Attraction of zone j
Tij =Travel time or travel cost between zone i and zone j
= Parameter to be calibrated. In Klang Valley, = 2.05 for
morning and afternoon peaks.
1Ki =
Kj Aj / Tij
j
1Kj =
Ki P i / Tij
i
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Aj / Tij
Production Constraint Model: Tij = P i
Aj / Tij
j
P i / Tij
Attraction Constrain Model: Tij = Aj
P i / Tij
i
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Example
ProposedDevelopment
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Trip Generation
Land use QTY Rates Production
Flat 205 2.51515
Link house 431 2.21953
Semi-D 125 2.55 319
Bungalow 52 2.65138
Total1924
Trip Distribution
Destination Travel Time
(min)
Estimated
attraction
Aj / Tij2.05 Distribution Trip
Distribution
Ipoh 35 92000 62.871 0.271 522
Batu Gajah 30 16500 15.466 0.067 128
Gopeng 10 17200 153.295 0.662 1273
Aj / Tij2.05 231.632 1.000 1924
Notes:
Distribution = (Aj / Tij2.05) / ( Aj / Tij
2.05)
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Modal Split (Modal Choice)
Influencing factors
Car ownership
Household Income Distance to the transport facilities
Travel Time
Travel Cost
Car park availabili ty
Peak Hour Modal Split in Kuala Lumpur
Land use Bus % Car / van / jeep%
Motor cycle%
1 GovernmentOffice
27.6 57.4 15.0
2 Company Office 48.0 45.6 6.4
3 Bank 49.9 45.0 5.1
4 Hotel 35.9 60.1 4.0
5 ShoppingCentre
54.3 40.7 5.0
6 Bungalow house 12.1 84.0 3.9
7 Semi-D house 16.2 79.4 4.4
8 Link House 42.1 48.5 9.4
9 Condominium 13.7 85.1 1.2
10 Apartment 39.9 45.0 15.1
11 Fla 49.5 28.3 21.7
(Source J KAL, DBKL Annual Report, 1991)
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Average Passenger (including driver) in Kuala Lumpur.
Land Use Car / Van /Jeep
M / Cycle Bus (big) Bus (Mini)
1 Office 1.55 1.25 75 35
2 Hotel 1.55 1.25 *40 25
3 ShoppingCentre
2.14 1.30 75 35
4 Houses 2.05 1.38 75 35
(Source: J KAL, DBKL Annual Report, 1991)
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Example
A local authority has approved a proposed development of a housingestate. It consists of 1250 link houses, 155 semi-D houses, 78 bungalowhouses, 390 units condominiums, 820 units apartments and 970 units offlats. Calculate both inbound and outbound traffic flows during morning
peak hours.
Land use Unit Productionrate
Producion
Modal Split Person trip Number ofVehicles
Bus car M/C Bus car M/C Bus car M/C
Link house 1250 2.21 2763 42.1%
48.5%
9.4%
1163 1340
260 16 654 188
Semi-D155 2.55 395 16.2% 79.4% 4.4% 64 314 17 1 153 13
Bungalow 78 2.65 207 12.1%
84.0%
3.9%
25 174 8 1 85 6
Condo 390 2.05 800 13.7%
85.1%
1.2%
110 680 10 1 332 7
Apartment 820 2.11 1730 39.9%
45.0%
15.1%
690 779 261 9 380 189
Flat 970 2.51 2435 49.5%
28.3%
21.7%
1205 689 528 16 336 383
total 44 1939 786
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Trip Assignment
Assigning O-D trips to the t ransport network
Assumpt ion: Traff ic growth 4.1%
Base year: 2000
to Ipoh
To PLUS Hway
Proposed
Development
to Batu
to Gopeng
981 ukp/j
759 ukp/j
603 ukp/j
247 ukp/j
61 ukp/j
365 ukp/j
1021 ukp/j
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To I oh
To PLUS Hway
Proposed
Development
To Batu Gajah
to Gopeng
790 ukp/j
1063 ukp/j
380 ukp/j
603 ukp/j
247 ukp/j
61 ukp/j
2004
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To Ipoh
to PLUS Hway
Proposed
development
to BatuGajah
to
Gopeng
1443
uk /1303uk /
1690
uk /
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Level-Of-Service (LOS)= Flow/Capacity (or V/C)
V/C < 0.9 OK
V/C > 1.0
(LOS = F)
V/C < 0.3
(LOS = A)
3. Impact to the Road Network
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Safe to the residences
Safe to the vis itors
4. Road Safety
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5. Internal Lay-out
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Malaysia:
1 cps / 500 sq.ft floor area
or
1.25 / residential unit
6. Parking Space
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7. Public Transport
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8. Pedestrian, bicycle and disable facili ties