Transcript of Towards Environmental Success in Mining Resistance
- 1. Towardsenvironmental successinminingresistances
Anempiricalinves.ga.on
BeatrizRodrguez-Labajos,BegumOzkaynakandCemskenderAydn
Interna?onalPeoplesConferenceonMining,Manila,Philippines
July30th,2015
- 2. Thankyouforinvi7ngustoIPCM2015! Whereare wenow? Cem Beatriz
Begum EnvironmentalJus0ceOrganiza0ons,Liabili0esandTrade
FP7-ScienceinSociety-2010-1 www. .org
- 3. Objec7veofresearch
Toassesstheoutcomesofcontemporaryminingconictsby
applyingacollabora?vesta?s?calapproachtothepoli?cal
ecologyofminingresistances Miningconictsandenvironmentaljus?ce
Keyresults Mappingoftheinterconnec?vityofdierentminingopera?ons,
companiesandenvironmentaljus?ceorganisa?ons(EJOs)
PaZernsinminingconictsacrosstheworld:
Whatmakesenvironmentaljus?ceserved?
Inwhichcaseaconictismoreintense?Whenisadisrup?veprojectstopped?
MeasuringEJsuccessorfailure Keyinsightsandrecommenda?ons
Inthispresenta7on
- 4. Bergama,TURKEY RosiaMontana,ROMANIAElPeasquito,MEXICO
Intag,ECUADOR
- 5. Hundredsofminingconictsaroundtheworld Mining-related
conflicts, including exploration, extraction and processing;
27/07/2015 Source: https://ejatlas.org
- 6. Environmentaljus0ce(EJ) Mul?-dimensional,expandingframework
(Scholsberg,2007,2013)
Fruihulcollabora?onbetweenac?vism&science
(Marjnez-Alieretal.,2011,2014) Socialmovements Poli0calecology
Newresearchques7onsevalua7ngEJevidenceengaging
withtheintentsofEJOsinvolvedinminingconicts
Miningconictsandenvironmentaljus7ce (Bebbingtonetal.,2008)
(Escobar,1997) (Bridge,2008) (Tetreault.,2012)
Collabora0vesta0s0calapproach tothepoli0calecologyofEJ-conicts
(Temperetall.,forthcoming) Networkanalysis:comparison
ofcompany/EJOsnetworks Sta?s?calanalysis:intensityof
conicts,EJsuccess,paralised projects Qualita?veanalysis:what
doesEJsuccessmeansfor EJOs?
- 7. Miningconictsstudied byregion Region Frequency Percent South
America 161 46.5 Meso America+ Dominican Republic 61 17.6 Africa 43
12.4 European 41 11.8 South Asia (India + Bangladesh) 28 8.1 South
East Asia and Oceania 6 1.7 USA and Canada 6 1.7 Total # of cases
346 100
- 8. Network of Mining Companies The Mining Resistance Network
The primary component Mappingoftheinterconnec7vity
ofdierentminingopera7onsandcompanies
- 9. Companiesin theprimary component
- 10. 346 Cases MINING CONFLICTS The project Commodity type
(gold, cold, uranium etc.) Commodity group (precious, base etc.)
Country of origin for companies (local vs. foreign) Number of
companies; company network Financial institutions Concrete Outcomes
Is environmental justice served? (no; not sure; yes) Project status
(proposed, planned, in operation, stopped) Impacts Health,
socio-economic, environmental impacts Short-midterm term vs.
long-term impacts Potential vs. Observed impacts Conflict in a
Nutshell Intensity of conflict (high, medium, low) By region (Latin
America, Europe etc.) By income group (high, upper-middle etc.) By
production chain (access, extraction, process, waste
Resistance/Activism Population type (rural, semi-urban, urban)
Timing of mobilisation (preventive, in reaction etc) Groups
mobilising (organisations, local people, economic actors,
excluded/marginalised) Repertoires of actions (legal, illegal,
degree of contention) Pathways to conflict resolution (positive,
negative)
- 11. Explanatoryfactors EJ-YES (R/no,notsure) EJ-NO
(R/yes,otsure) Averageeigenvectorcentralityofcompanies -*
Loworlatentintensity -*** +* Stopped +*** -***
Healthimpact-longterm-observed +**
Socio-economicimpact-immediate-observed -* Preven0ve +*** -***
Lowincome +** Nega0vepathways -* +** Interna0onalnancialins0tu0ons
+** What makesEJ served? Thecentralityofthecompanyinthenetwork
Conictintensity Timeofmobiliza?on Projectstatus
- 12. Inwhichcaseaconictismoreintense?
Withimmediatepoten?alimpacts
-socioeconomic(e.g.,displacement,landdispossession,lackofworksecurity)
-environmental(e.g.,surfacewaterpollu?on,cropdamage,soilcontamina?on)
Withlong-termhealthimpacts
(e.g.,infec?ousorenvironment-relateddiseasesandexposuretounknown/uncertainrisks)
Wheneconomicactorsandmarginalisedgroupsareinvolved
Explanatoryfactors Conictintensityhighormedium
(Rela?vetoloworlatent) Environmentalimpact-immediate-poten0al + *
Socio-economicimpact-immediate-poten0al + ***
Socio-economicimpact-longterm-poten0al - ***
Healthimpact-longterm-observed + ***
Socio-economicimpact-longterm-observed - * Preven0ve + *
Middle-higherincome - ** Waste + ** Excluded-marginalised + ***
Economicactors + * LocalPeople - **
- 13. Whenisadistrup7veprojectstopped?
Unliketheothertworegressions,itisnotpossibletodis?nctly
pinpointwhenadisrup?veprojectwillbestopped
Allcorrelatesobtainedhereintheanalysisarenega?ve
Resultsprovideinsightsonwhenprojectscon?nue
ratherthanonwhentheyarestopped Explanatoryfactors Stopped
(Rela?vetoothers) Averageeigenvectorcentralityofcompanies - **
Healthimpact-immediate-poten0al - **
Socio-economicimpact-immediate-observed - * Lowincome
Nega0vepathways - ***
- 14. Isthereapercep7onofEJsuccess? 35 % 11 % 28 % 5 % 8 % 13 % 0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Numberofcases Level of
success No Not sure Yes
- 15. LevelofperceivedEJsuccess indierentregionsoftheworld 0% 10%
20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Africa South East Asia & Oceania South
America Europe South Asia (IN, BD) Meso America & DO USA &
Canada 0 1 2 3 4 5
- 16. Why? KeystoEJinMiningConicts PROJECT The project suspended
or ceased Latency of new threats Partial closure Planning of new
projects or expansion of existing ones In operation or construction
IMPACTS Improved processes Satisfactory compensation Presence of
non-compensable impacts Absence of compensation Lack of action or
damage mitigation Observed impacts INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSE
Legislative improvements Governmental support Successful legal
actions Motion for protected areas Lack of compliance with law
Insufficient governmental response COMMUNITY POWER RELATIONS
Consolidation of network / activism Results not directly related to
activism Unattended demands Lack of representation / participation
Weakening of the social fabric Criminalization and repression + - +
- + - + -
- 17. Recommenda7onsforEJOs(someinsightsfrom)
...Quan7ta7veanalysis Startthetheresistanceassoonas
youcanandtrytohavemoreopen expressionofit!
Dontreactonlyinfaceofstrong/ observedimpactswithintense
conict.Itmaybetoolate! Callforsuporters,likeacademics,
economicactors,lawyers,tobe involvedinatanearlystageaswell!
Trytoavoidnega?vepathwaysas muchaspossible.Thisworksagainst
EJandEJOspurposes. ...Networkanalysis TheEJmovementaroundmining
conictsneedstodevelopamore resilientac?vistnetworkforEJsuccess
Themostvulnerableconicts, surroundedbyintertwinedbigplayers,
shouldbesupported Thereisagradientof
interconnectedness,fromloneliness ofresidentstoglobalnetworks:
EJOsoftheworld,cooperate Usetheinfofromthemanyindividual
stories.Linkisprovidedtoejos
- 18. Orcontactusdirectly: BeatrizRodrguez-Labajos
beatriz.rodriguez@uab.cat BegumOzkaynak begum.ozkaynak@boun.edu.tr
FindmoreinourEJOLTreportsonminingconicts:
Towardssuccessfulresistance:
Ansystema?cassessmentofcontemporaryminingconicts Thankyou!
www..org/reports ClaudioGaribay UNAM,Mexico
IvonneYnez,GloriaChicaiza AccinEcolgica,Ecuador
MarianaWalter,MartaConde UAB,Spain TodorSlavov,Desislava Stoyanova
ZaZemiata,Bulgaria Lidijaivi Focus,Slovenia RenanFinamore
Fiocruz,Brazil BertchenKohrs EarthLife,Namibia AllEJOLTmembers