Post on 01-Apr-2015
Towards a multilingual Towards a multilingual cyberspacecyberspace
Daniel PradoExecutiv Secretary of Maaya – Global Network for Linguistic Diversity
d.prado@maaya.orgwww.maaya.org
1
contact@maayajo.org
Linguistic divideLinguistic divide
• Between 50% and 80% languages : risk
• 70 major languages spoken by 94 % mankind.
• 70 % of the languages of the wordl spoken in only 20 countries, the less favoured economically
2
contact@maayajo.org
• 98% of languages that cover emotional and local needs.
• ~ 150 languages would have the protection or eve of a public entity (2005 est.)
• Between 6/7 and 9/10 languages are not written
Linguistic divideLinguistic divide
3
contact@maayajo.org
Comparative number of languages and number of speakers
4
5700
contact@maayajo.org
Extrapolé des statistiques de l’International Publishers Association (IPA)
5
contact@maayajo.org
75
80
85
90
95
100
1980 1990 2000
Langue d'édition des ouvrages scientifiques dans le Science Citation Index
japonais
espagnol
allemand
français
anglais
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
2009
2001
ISSN
Scientific publishing, patents
Diverses sources
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
anglais
japonais
allemand
français
chinois
espagnol
russe
6
contact@maayajo.org
International Organizations
UE - ONU7
contact@maayajo.org
Daniel Prado, Mesa-redonda "Tradução e Linguagem Especializada" ago. 2010
TranslationTranslationlangue langue
ciblecible
source languagesource language
8
contact@maayajo.org
Diverses sources (2007)
9
contact@maayajo.org
The internet in 1996
10
contact@maayajo.org
Presence of languages in the web between 1998 and 2007 (in percentages)
Funredes – Union latine11
contact@maayajo.orgPresence of languages in targeted areas (not the
entire Web!) Percentage (estimates 2010)
12
contact@maayajo.org
2010 study on different uses and spaces
• Areas studied: Wikipédia, W3counter data, Tweeter, WordPress, Facebook, Skype , Technorati stats, VoIP, P2P ESA study, Second Life, LiveJournal, LinkedIn, YouTube, Google, Yahoo, MSN, Bing, Flickr, Rapidshare, Megaupload, etc.
• Of course, large differences between areas as cultural aspects have an impact on the use (eg IP telephony)
Pimienta-Prado - Blanco13
contact@maayajo.org
Wikipedia
Probably the most multilingual web tool.Transparent, especially in languages :http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_Wikipédias
◦ 285 language versions of Wikipedia◦ Total number of items available: 24 226 172◦ Number of users (editors): 38 329 070◦ Images: 2 042 510
(february 2013)
14
contact@maayajo.org
15 first languages in Wikipedia
15
contact@maayajo.org
The Internet after 2007
Cyberespace « invisible »
In 2012?
Worldwidewebsize.com - Pimienta- Greffenstette - Pouzin16
contact@maayajo.org
Number of domaines names (ICANN)
625 330 000
Non ICANN (Chine, Russie, OpenRoot, The Commonwealth, Ligue des Nations indiennes d’Amérique, etc.)
???
Sites considered "actives" and without
duplicates186 900 000
Web indexé
(5-10 %)Linguistic stats relatively
reliable1 000 000
W3tech.com – (basé sur Alexa.com)
www.worldwidewebsize.com Pimienta - Pouzin – Greffenstette – etc.
Netcraft - news.netcraft.com
Netcraft - news.netcraft.com
OpenRoot www.open-root.eu
November 2012
17
contact@maayajo.org
Indexed Web
(5-10 %)
w3Tech.com / Alexa
Oth
er d
igita
l are
as
18
contact@maayajo.org
Internet World Stats (basé sur Nielsen – UIT et autres)19
contact@maayajo.org
Internet World Stats (basé sur Nielsen – UIT et autres)20
contact@maayajo.org
Eurobarometer 2012
55% of European Internet users consulted in another language (in addition to their own) and 35% actively used.
9/10 users said they prioritize their language if the information was available.
44% lost a lot of information because of the linguistic fact (> 51% in Romania, Bulgaria, Portugal, Cyprus, Spain and Greece)
Étude Eurobaromètre - février 2011
Trends change?Trends change?
21
contact@maayajo.org
Le commerce et la compétitivité Le commerce et la compétitivité s’invitent…s’invitent…
British Council concerned about the monolingualism of English people and their lack of competitiveness in the European labor market
U.S. administration (and European always) promotes language technology because "> 60% of consumers in the industrialized world buy native language"
Translation and localization are the watchwords
Language industries 10% annual growth
22
contact@maayajo.org
35 language of the Web 1 million top-ranked websiteshttp://w3techs.com
Languages in Endangerded languages - Google
Google Scholar (10)Twitter (30) *
Google linguistic tools (recognition - translation) ~ 70 Facebook (70-78 linguistic versions
) *
Windows(100) Wiktionnaire (144 interfaces, 61 languages > 10.000 words)
Wikipedia (285)117 avec > 10 000 art.
Net.lang: http://net-lang.net 23
contact@maayajo.orgComparison
Internet <-> linguistic diversity
Internautes
Diversité linguistique
Net.lang: http://net-lang.net
contact@maayajo.orgLangues « visibles » sur l’Internet
Languages well represented
Languages partially present
Very poor attendance
Punctual presence
Languages referenced:Atlas of Endangered Languages (UNESCO)Endangered Languages (Google)SorosoroLinguasphereEthnologueEtc..
25
contact@maayajo.org
o Web 1.0 seems to be for languages "equipped", reflects the presence of languages in knowledge.
o English is pourcentuellement reduced in the Internet, but only 10-15 languages really benefit, at least in the Web 1.0
o The digitization of books and the existing literature on the digital divide grows
o Other (written) languages can take place but need to reduce the textual gap
Evolution
http://net-lang.net26
contact@maayajo.org
Evolutiono Web 2.0 seem to change this situation (see Arab
revolutions) and languages less equipped invest this space.
o The audio-visual could encourage less present languages, in particular the so-called "not written"
o But of course, access is not not enough: digital literacy is essential and new tools (mobile and audiovisual) fundamentals.
o If languages "resume the value" vis-à-vis their speakers, cyberspace may become a more "fair" space linguistically.
http://net-lang.net27
http://www.maaya.org
contact@maayajo.org
28
contact@maayajo.org
• Proposes the main issues of multilingualism in cyberspace and equitable representation of languages in the information society.• Support of UNESCO, Union latine, ANLoc, IDRC, Francophonie
•27 articles by 27 authors from a dozen countries (four continents)
•Bilingual edition FR-EN.
•Free digital editions (PDF, ePub).
Net.Lang – Towards a multilingual cyberspace
http://net-lang.net 29
contact@maayajo.org
30
Maaya – principales actions•Global congress on specialized translation (La Havane 2008)
• International Forum on multilingualism (Bamako 2009)
30
contact@maayajo.org
31
Maaya – principales actions•First, Second and Third Symposium on Multilingualism in Cyberspace (2009 Barcelona, Brasilia, 2011, Paris 2012)
•Cooperation in the 1st and 2nd International Conference on Language and Cultural Diversity in Cyberspace (Yakutsk - Russia 2011) - With the IFAP
31
contact@maayajo.org
Towards a World Summit on linguistic diversity and multilingualism
Decision of the second international conference on linguistic and cultural diversity in cyberspace Yakutsk
• Meeting of Experts and consultations in various regions of the world
• Ministerial Conference on Multilingualism
• Proposed a draft resolution for the World Summit on Multilingualism. Possible creation of a commission to prepare a report on multilingualism
• Thematic meetings and regional conferences Summit preparation
• World Summit on Multilingualism
32
Towards a multilingual Towards a multilingual cyberspacecyberspace
Daniel PradoExecutiv Secretary of Maaya – Global Network for Linguistic Diversity
d.prado@maaya.orgwww.maaya.org
33