Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616)

• 1603 accepted the title “Shogun”

• Established Edo as the Capital

• Tokugawa Japan 1600-1868

Tokugawa (Edo) Japan (1600-1868)

Class Divisions in Edo Japan

• Warrior - 7% of the population• Farmers - 90%• Artisans • Merchants

Japan is divided into Hans

Each Han controlled by a Daimyo

Daimyo Must Establish Rule

• Samurai must choose a Daimyo for life

• Samurai must live in a castle town (stipends)

“Making certain they can neither live nor die” Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa Peasants

Village life was a well-regulated concentration camp.

“Except when sleeping farmers are to devote all their time to farm work, and neither they nor their wives and children are to drink sake or tea.” 1649 Keian Proclamation

Francis Xavier (1506-1552)

1624 Spanish Expelled from Japan

British EIC 1613 – 1623 in Hirado

Sakoku Edicts 1633-1639 (to 1853)

Still illegal to leave Japan in 1868

• China market• Dutch pessimism• No resources• Too far north

• China market• Dutch pessimism• No resources• Too far north

“If that double-bolted land, Japan, is ever to become hospitable, it is the whale-ship alone to whom the credit will be due; for already she is on the threshold.”

July 1853

Matthew Perry

Meiji Japan (1868-1912)

Meiji MiracleMeiji Miracle

Meiji Japan (1868-1912)

• 1868 Japan comes out of feudalism and isolation

• 1895 defeat China• 1905 defeat Russia• 1919 One of the top

five world powers at Versailles Meiji MiracleMeiji Miracle