CEPT University

C o n s i d e r a t i o n s

f o r

Toi le t & Sept ic tank

C o n s t r u c t i o n

Toilet construction Where to place a toilet Size of toilet Materials for toilet construction Other design aspects of toilet construction Superstructure

Septic tank construction Where to place a septic tank Size of septic tank Materials for septic tank construction Other design aspects of septic tank construction

Base of septic tank Inlet and out levels Provision of ventilation pipe

Standard design of toilet and septic tank Other technology options

Structure of presentation

Toilet Construction . . .

Where to place a toilet . . .

At least one wall open to fresh air

Not less than 0.3 m

0.3 m2

Window / ventilator

Should not open into kitchen

. …

Room

Room

Room

Room

Room

Siurce: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra

Minimum Size of toilet. . .

1 m

1.2 m

2.1 m 2.1 m

1.80 m2

0.9 m

1.2 m

2.1 m

Toilet Bathroom Combined

Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra

1 m

What Material to use . . .

1 m

SmoothImperviousWatertight

Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra

Proper toilet design. . .

Floor sloped towards drain

Water seal

Do not slope floor into adjoining room

Problems without water seal

Source: CPHEEO Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems Part A Engineering

Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra

Superstructure…

Super structure design. . .

Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra

Brick, mortar with RCC roof and tin door

Ferrocementbrick

Concrete brick Plastic pre-fabricated

Corrugated sheet

Bamboo Thatched

Septic tank Construction. . .

Where to place septic tank . . .

Away from building Do not seal from top and place under building

If space is restricted, build

Do not build toilet toilet over tank such that

over it all chambers are accessible

Septic tank and Soak pits away from water table

Min 12 m

Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra

Minimum size of septic tank. . .

Do not build oversized septic tank

Size should be according to Nagarpalikarules

Preferably build 2 chambered tank with partition at 2/3 of length

Chamber Chamber

1 2

2/3 1/3

Chamber Chamber

1 275 cm min

2- 4 times width

1 m min

Number of users

Length (m)Breadth

(m)

Liquid Depth *

Cleaning in 2 years

Cleaning in 3 years

5 1.5 0.75 1.3 1.35

10 2 0.9 1.3 1.7

15 2 0.9 1.6 2.3

20 2.3 1.1 1.6 2.1

50 5 2 1.3 1.54

100 7.5 2.65 1.3 1.54

150 10 3 1.3 1.54

200 12 3.3 1.3 1.54

300 15 4 1.3 1.54

* - Includes free board of 300 mm

75 mm

Source: CPHEEO Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems Part A Engineering Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra

Ideal materials for construction of septic tank. . .

Brick work In-situ cast

concrete cement

Stone Masonry Pre cast cement, asbestos, HDPE

Water tight

Do not use dug trench

Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra

Care to be taken while constructing base of septic tank. . .

Concrete cement Smooth

Sloped

Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra

Inlet and outlet levels. . .

Do not make inlet and outlet at scum or sludge level

Do not make inlet and outlet at same level

- It short circuits the flow and sludge does not settle

Do not make inlet and outlet pipes straight

Give baffles to prevent backflow of solids

Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra

Provision of ventilation pipe . . .

20 m2 m

Provide tall ventilation pipe for gas buildup

- 2 m higher than all buildings in 20m radius

- Covered by mosquito netting

Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra

Standard toilet & septic tank design. . .

Toilet and septic tank design . . .

सेप्टीक टाकीचे आकारमान: - सेप्टीक टाकीची ककमान रुं दी 0.75 मी. (2’5”) व टाकीची

लाुंबी ही रुं दीच्या 2 ते 4 पट असावी.

तपशील -- टाकी मधील पण्याची पातळी ककमान 1.0 मी. (3’3”)- पाण्याच्या पातळीवरील मोकळी जागा ककमान 0.3 मी. (1’0”)

2अ –

4अ

अ

जमिनीची पातळी

पण्याची पातळी

पण्याची पातळी

प्लॅन सेक्शन

कििान 0.15

(6”) िी.

जाडीची भिंत

बँफल

सेमप्िि

िािी

प्लॅनशौचालय

(6”)

3’(4

’)

कििान 0.15 िी. (6")

जाडीची भिंत

पत्रे

1:3:6 मसिेंि िॉंन्क्रीिचा थर

मिडिीचे क्षेत्रफळ 0.30 चौ.िी. (3.2 चौ. फूि)

आवश्यि व एिा बाजूचे िाप कििान 0.30 िी. (1’0”)

आवश्यिकििान 0.15 िी. (6”) जाडीची भिंत

व्हेंटिलेशन पाईप

(कििान 50 मििी. (2”) व्यास व कििान 2.0 िी. (6’6”) उंची)

फरशी िािाची लेवल

झािण

शोषिड्डा/बंद गिारीस

जोडणारा पाईप कििान 100

मििी. (4”) व्यासाचा पाईप

मसिेंि िॉन्क्रीिचा थर

दरवाजा:

कििान उंची 2.1 िी. (7’0”)

संडासचे िंांडे

जमिनीची पातळी

कििान 100 मििी. (4”)

व्यासाचा इनलेि पाईपसेमप्िि िािी

(4’)

(7’)

(1’)

3’3

”

पर्ाार् -1 शौचालर्ाखाली असणारी सेप्प्टक टाकी

सेक्शन

टिप: - सेमप्िि िािी िधील कििान एि चेंबर उघड्या जागवेर / िोणत्याही बाधंिािािाली नसाव.े सेमप्िि िािीची मनयमित स्वच्छता िरण्यािटरता

िािीला झािणासमहत दारे असावीत

- स्वततं्र शौचालयाचा कििान आिारिान 0.9 िी. (3’0”) X 1.2 िी. (4’0”)

कििान 0.15 िी.

(6”) जाडीची

भिंत

कििान 0.15 िी.

(6”) जाडीची भिंत

मिडिी

(एि बाजू कििान

0.30 िी. (1’0”)

शोषिड्डा/

बंद गािारास

जोडणारा

पाईप

प्लॅन

बँफल

सेमप्िि िािीशौचालय

(6”)

(4’)

(6”)

(3’)

पत्रे

1:3:6 मसिेंि िॉंन्क्रीिचा थर

मिडिीचे के्षत्रफळ 0.30 चौ.िी. (3.2 चौ. फूि)

कििान 0.15 िी. (6”) जाडीची भिंत

व्हेंटिलेशन पाईप(कििान 50 मििी. (2”) व्यास व कििान 2.0 िी. (6’6”) उंची)

फरशी िािाची लेवल

शोषिड्डा/बंद गिारीस

जोडणारा पाईप कििान

100 मििी. (4”) व्यासाचा

पाईप

मसिेंि िॉन्क्रीिचा थर

दरवाजा: कििान

उंची 2.1 िी.

(7’0”)

संडासचे िंांडे

जमिनीची पातळी

कििान 0.15 िी. (6”)

जाडीची िॉन्क्रीि स्लॅब

कििान 100 मििी. (4”)

व्यासाचा इनलेि पाईप

कििान 0.15 िी. (6”)

जाडीची भिंत

झािण

सेक्शन

आवश्यि व एिा बाजूचे िाप कििान

0.30 िी. (1’0”) आवश्यि

(4’) (7

’)

(1’)

3’3

”

पयााय -2 शौचालयापासनू िाही अंतरावर असणारी सेमप्िि िािी

टिप: - सेमप्िि िािी िधील कििान एि चेंबर उघड्या जागवेर / िोणत्याही बाधंिािािाली नसाव.े सेमप्िि िािीची मनयमित स्वच्छता िरण्यािटरता

िािीला झािणासमहत दारे असावीत

- स्वततं्र शौचालयाचा कििान आिारिान 0.9 िी. (3’0”) X 1.2 िी. (4’0”)

सेप्टीक टाकीचे आकारमान: - सेप्टीक टाकीची ककमान रुं दी 0.75 मी. (2’5”) व टाकीची लाुंबी

ही रुं दीच्या 2 ते 4 पट असावी.

तपशील -- टाकी मधील पण्याची पातळी ककमान 1.0 मी. (3’3”)- पाण्याच्या पातळीवरील मोकळी जागा ककमान 0.3 मी. (1’0”)

2अ –

4अ

अ

जमिनीची पातळी

पण्याची पातळी

पण्याची पातळी

प्लॅन सेक्शन

Other technology options…

Improved septic tank

Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra

Mosquito net covered air vent

Filter media(usually stones and pebbles)

• Effluent clear and odour free• Upto 70% BOD removals• Microbial growth retained on the stone media -

higher loading possible with efficient• Digestion

Up-flowAnaerobic filter

(can also be separate unit)

Anaerobic Bio digestor with reed bed

Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra

Bacteria digests sludge – bacteria needs to be introduced only once

Minimum sludge formation- no emptying required

Treated water passed through reed bed

Then treated water can be reused

Cheaper O&M

Can also digest detergent, phenyl

Air vent

? Any Questions

???

Thank you. . .