Post on 20-Jan-2016
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Reading: ID – Ch 2 Interaction
Introduction to HCI & Interaction Design Reading: ID – Ch. 1
CS 321 Human-Computer CS 321 Human-Computer InteractionInteraction
Why is it so difficult to create a schedule on Student Information System (SIS)?
SMITH, JOHN E.
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The System’s Work Model does not fit the The System’s Work Model does not fit the User’s Work ModelUser’s Work Model
Any system forces a specific way for tasks to be done System’s Work Model
Every user has an understanding of how a task should be doneConceptual Model, Mental Model
For applications like the SIS the system’s model is hard to understand and work with because it makes no sense in terms of the work being done.Causes errors, non-use
What is Design?What is Design?Design is a creative activity of making
artifacts that are usable for a specific purpose.
Software EngineerSoftware is reliable, robust, and maintainable
Software DesignerSoftware fits the user’s overall activities,
enhances productivity, and produces a satisfying experience (Enjoyable!)
User’s Task Model vs. Engineer’s ModelUser’s Task Model vs. Engineer’s Model
User’s task model A representation of the user’s conceptual model
Main Goal: Make the Engineer’s model invisible to the user.
Engineer’s modelUnderlying implementation
Linkages
From the Interface Hall of ShameFrom the Interface Hall of ShameThe program, Woodworkers
Estimate Helper provides a classical
example of geekspeak.
The program is “designed for
woodworkers and cabinet makers”,
and purports to assist in the process of calculating price quotes for their projects.
Unfortunately the program uses such programming terminology as “Databases”, “Records”, and, if the user attempts to enter a duplicate part name, presents the message “Key Validation Error”.
While we do not mean to disparage any woodworkers, we can quite confidently state that the typical woodworker has essentially no practical understanding of such terms, nor should they be required to.
Is it any wonder that many new users are intimidated by computers?
System Centered vs.System Centered vs.Customer Centered DesignCustomer Centered Design
System Centered DesignFocuses on organizing the
functionality of the system
Customer Centered DesignFocuses on the customer’s
conceptual modelParticipatory Design, User-Centered
Design, Human-Centered Design
Customer Centered DesignCustomer Centered Design
Interject the designer in the user’s world and the user in the designer’s world to develop a shared conceptual model
Contextual Design (CD)Contextual Design (CD)
Gather data from multiple users
Design depends on seeing the implications of the data
Design begins with a creative leap from customer data to implications for design and from implications to ideas for specific features
Abstract data into a common model
Steps in Contextual DesignSteps in Contextual Design
Contextual Inquiry
Work Modeling
Consolidation
User Environment Design
Interface Design and Prototyping
Work Redesign
Step 1 - Contextual InquiryStep 1 - Contextual Inquiry
Gather Data Observation Interview Participation “Shadowing”
Learn User’s Vocabulary
Gather Artifacts
Gain an understanding of the user
Step 2 – Work ModelingStep 2 – Work Modeling
Concrete Representations User’s activities Context of the work
Team Interpretation Sessions Shared understanding
Step 3 - ConsolidationStep 3 - Consolidation
Look across multiple users Common practices Divergent practices
Inductive Process Going from a few to a large population
Step 4 – Work RedesignStep 4 – Work Redesign
Don’t just automate Look for places to improve
VisioningBrainstorming sessionsCreative process
Step 5 – User Environment DesignStep 5 – User Environment Design
Explicit representation of the system work model
“Blue Print” for the User Interface Design
Step 6 – Interface Design & Step 6 – Interface Design & PrototypingPrototyping
Paper Prototyping Lo-fidelity prototype Communicate design with the user