• Today fill in the blanks when the screen shows green and underlined words.

Scientific Method Detailed Notes

Scientific Method Detailed Notes

I. Scientific ProblemA. A question to investigate• Turn to your Glossary to letter “S”.• Add the word “scientific problem” and the

page number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

B. The question centers on objects, organisms, and events in the natural world

Scientific Method Detailed Notes

I. Scientific ProblemC. Cannot be answered with a yes or no D. It is testable (able to do an experiment about

it)

Scientific Method Detailed Notes

I. Scientific ProblemE. The question connects to scientific concepts

rather than to opinions, feelings, or beliefs.F. Explains the purpose of the experiment

Scientific Method Detailed Notes

I. Scientific ProblemEX: What is the effect of the length of helicopter

blades (cause) on the number of twirls (effect)?

Scientific Method Detailed Notes

II. Making Observations

Scientific Method Detailed NotesQualitative QuantitativeQuality Quantity Descriptions Numbers- _____________ - _____________- _____________ - _____________

- Now make 2 qualitative and 2 quantitative observations about your pencil. Record your observations in the T-chart above.

Scientific Method Detailed NotesIII. Writing A HypothesisA. A hypothesis is a prediction, idea, or possible

solution • Turn to your Glossary to letter “H”.• Add the word “hypothesis” and the page

number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

B. Explains the cause and effect of the experiment

Scientific Method Detailed NotesIII. Writing A HypothesisC. Contains the words: if, related to, and thenD. Format: If (effect) is related to (cause), then

(specific prediction)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesIII. Writing A HypothesisEX: If (the number of twirls) is related to (mass

of the helicopter), then (as the mass of the helicopter increases the number of twirls will decrease).

Scientific Method Detailed NotesHow to Design an Experiment• Variable – • any factor that affects an experiment• Turn to your Glossary to letter “V”.• Add the word “variable” and the page number

of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVariables related to an experiment:1. Control – “normal” group, the group you compare to, the

non-treatment group• Turn to your Glossary to letter “C”.• Add the word “control” and the page number

of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVariables related to an experiment:2. Experimental group – group that receives the treatment for what you

are studying• Turn to your Glossary to letter “E”.• Add the words “experimental group” and the

page number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVariables related to an experiment:3. Constants – things that must stay the same in each trial of

the experiment• Turn to your Glossary to letter “C”.• Add the word “constants” and the page

number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVariables related to an experiment:4. Dependent Variable (D.V.) – measured variable, effect (as in cause and

effect)• Turn to your Glossary to letter “D”.• Add the words “dependent variable” and the

page number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVariables related to an experiment:5. Independent Variable (I. V.) – manipulated/changed variable, cause (as in

cause and effect) (the one that I, as the experimenter, can change or control)

• Turn to your Glossary to letter “I”.• Add the words “independent variable” and

the page number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesIV. Write a Procedure

A. List of step-by-step directions• Turn to your Glossary to letter “P”.• Add the word “procedure” and the page

number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesIV. Write a Procedure

B. Short, easy to follow steps (sketches are good to include)

C. Each step begins with a verb (action word)D. Must be detailed enough so that someone

else could repeat your experiment.

Scientific Method Detailed NotesV. Carry Out (Do) the Experiment

• Now pick 3 crayons of different crayons from the bag.

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVI. Collect and Organize Data

A. Creating Data Tables1. Organize data in columns

and rows.

**Use 1 crayon to color 1 column and 1 row.

Scientific Method Detailed Notes• Turn to your Glossary to letter “D”.• Add the words “data table” and the page

number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVI. Collect and Organize Data

A. Creating Data Tables2. Always have a title at the top of the

table.

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVI. Collect and Organize Data

A. Creating Data Tables3. Always put units (cm, g, etc.) in column

headings.

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVI. Collect and Organize Data

A. Creating Data Tables4. Usually, the Dependent Variable goes in

the right column and the Independent Variable goes in the left column.

**Use 2nd crayon to color “Dependent Variable” and D.V. column.

**Use 3rd crayon to color “Independent Variable” and I.V. column.

Units (seconds) Units (cm)

Title: ______________________

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVII. Analyze Data (Creating Graphs)• Turn to your Glossary to letter “A”.• Add the words “analyze data” and the page

number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVII. Analyze Data (Creating Graphs)

A. There are three types of graphs:1. Line graph – continuous data (usually data over time)

Scientific Method Detailed Notes• Turn to your Glossary to letter “L”.• Add the words “line graph” and the page

number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVII. Analyze Data (Creating Graphs)

A. There are three types of graphs:2. Bar graph – comparing data

Scientific Method Detailed Notes• Turn to your Glossary to letter “B”.• Add the words “bar graph” and the page

number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVII. Analyze Data (Creating Graphs)

A. There are three types of graphs:3. Circle graph– percentage data (or parts of a whole)

Scientific Method Detailed Notes• Turn to your Glossary to letter “C”.• Add the words “circle graph” and the page

number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVII. Analyze Data (Creating Graphs)

B. A graph has an x-axis and y-axis. The Independent Variable goes on the x-axis

and the Dependent Variable goes on the y-axis.Choose 2 crayons. Color “The Independent

Variable goes on the x-axis” one color and color “the Dependent Variable goes on the y-axis” the second color.

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVII. Analyze Data (Creating Graphs)C. Every graph must have:

1. Title2. X-axis labeled 3. Y-axis labeled

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVII. Analyze Data (Creating Graphs)C. Every graph must have:

4. Appropriate intervals – must start at 0 and go up by the same amount each time

5. Appropriate type of graph for the data you are displaying

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVII. Analyze Data (Creating Graphs)C. Every graph must have:

X-Axis Label

Y-Ax

is La

bel

Color the x-axis one color and color the y-axis the second color. Use the same colors

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVII. Analyze Data (Creating Graphs)D. Interpolation vs. Extrapolation1. Interpolation – making a prediction based

inside the dataTurn to your Glossary to letter “I”.Add the word “interpolation” and the page

number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVII. Analyze Data (Creating Graphs)D. Interpolation vs. Extrapolation1. Interpolation – making a prediction based

inside the dataa. For example, on the following graph

there is no specific data for 12 minutes, butwe can estimate what it would be becausewe have data between 10 and 15 minutes.

Interpolationthere is no specific data for 12 minutes

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVII. Analyze Data (Creating Graphs)D. Interpolation vs. Extrapolation2. Extrapolation – making a prediction that lies

outside the data• Turn to your Glossary to letter “E”.• Add the word “extrapolation” and the

page number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVII. Analyze Data (Creating Graphs)D. Interpolation vs. Extrapolation2. Extrapolation – making a prediction that lies

outside the dataa. For example, on the above graph there is

no data for 3 minutes or for 35 minutes.

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVII. Analyze Data (Creating Graphs)D. Interpolation vs. Extrapolation

If we estimate for these times it would be extrapolation because we don’t have datathat those number lie between. They lieoutside of our data or they are “extra.”

Extrapolationthere is no specific data for 3 minutes or 35

minutes

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVIII. Draw Conclusions (Writing A Conclusion)• Turn to your Glossary to letter “C”.• Add the word “conclusion” and the page

number of your “Scientific Method Detailed Notes” (probably page 22)

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVIII. Draw Conclusions (Writing A Conclusion)A. Restate (rewrite)what you did in your

experiment. B. Restate your hypothesis and tell if your

experiment supported or did not support the hypothesis.

Scientific Method Detailed NotesVIII. Draw Conclusions (Writing A Conclusion)C. Tell at least one thing you would change if

you were to repeat this experiment in order to make it better.

D. Summarize what you learned by doing this experiment.