Post on 13-Jan-2016
To Know from Eckstein (2004)
• AtP abuse – types it can involve• Characteristics common to these Rel’s• Process of progression/escalation• Parent-perceived family roles
– Inside family– Outside family
Discipline
• Age-appropriate?
• Punishment proportional to fault?
• Consistent?
• Explained?
Family Concepts
• Pre-1980 View: – “what happens behind closed doors is no one else’s
business”
• Why Families?– – –
History
1. Child Victimization• Infanticide• Child labor• Child abuse
• Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children• Sexual abuse
2. Wife Abuse• Laws right to hit wives
• 1870's - • 1960's-1970's -
• Rape• 1979 -
3. Courtship Violence & Date Rape – 19814. Elder Abuse – 1981-19825. Adolescent-to-parent abuse6. Husband abuse
Today…• – 8.5 million cases (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000)
• 5.3 female victims• 3.2 male victims
• – In one year (2007), 794,000 victims of abuse/neglect (Child Maltreatment, 2007)
• 59% neglect • 10.8% physically• 7.6% sexually• 4.2% emotionally/psychologically • < 1% medically neglected• 13.1% of all child victims - "other" types maltreatment (e.g., abandonment,
threats of harm, congenital drug addiction)•
– 18% of population (severe physical at least once/year) (Straus, Gelles, Steinmetz, 1980)
– Goes up to 29% for one-parent families •
– Most prevalent form (Straus & Gelles, 1988)
• 800 out of 1000 hit bro or sis• More than ½ engage in severe violence• Two-thirds (66.6%) ages 15-17 assault sibling at least once
• (NCEA, 2005)
– 1 - 2 million Americans (age 65 or older) – by “protectors”– 2% to 10% of population
Family Systems Theory Applied• Not isolated indiv’s• Systems - interconnected & interdependent
• Family – expectat’s for each member
• Family – regulat’s about how operate – Mostly unspoken– Pttrns dvlp become “unspoken rules” – Family view = “just way it is”
• Systems dvlp – These “ways” are reliable & predictable – Comprised of Roles & Rules
• (System Equilibrium) – Constant pull on system NOT to CHANGE– System seeks to continue “usual” functioning
Cycle of Family SystemsApplied to Violence
• Always wonder…– How get in cycle? Who starts?
• Family systms thry view: chicken/egg?– impossible to answer b/c…
• – Each member’s behav caused by (affects) &
causes (effects) others’ behav’s
Ultimately…
• Our behav may be…– Personality… – but always…– SYSTEM of FAMILY
Perpetrator
Observer Victim
Victim
Victim
Perpetrator
Observer
Observer
Perpetrator
Ney (1992)