Post on 25-Dec-2021
To Dr. Ir. Yohanes Setiyo, MP <yohanes@unud.ac.id>
Cc To: surya wirawan surya_wirawan2005@yahoo.com Thu, Jul 30 at 10:31 AM
Dear Author, Greetings from the Editorial Team of IJSTR Research Publications! Thank you very much for presenting your paper for the evaluation of IJSTR's Review Board. Congratulations...! Hereby we confirm the provisional acceptance of your paper titled "Storage Characteristics of Granola Potato Bulbs for Seedlings After Storage" to be published in our International Journal - International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research - [Impact Factor: 3.023] for March 2020 edition. Reference Number : IJSTR-0320-31917 Actions Suggested: Please submit the following forms: 1) Registration Form [http://www.ijstr.org/Registration-Form.pdf] 2) Copyright Form [http://www.ijstr.org/Copyright-Agreement.pdf] Please upload the duly signed & scanned copy of the above mentioned documents at [http://www.ijstr.org/upload-docs.php?id=MzE5MTc=] within 7 days of acceptance of this email for timely publication. (You can download the forms from http://www.ijstr.org/download.php) Publishing fee: Kindly proceed with the publishing fee ($ 65) for online publication of papers. This fee is towards publication, communication and distribution costs. You can use this link http://www.ijstr.org/publication-charge.php for submitting publication fee or contact our payment desk using http://www.ijstr.org/contact.php for any clarification required on publishing fee. *Important: Please ensure to complete all the above mentioned next steps by 29 Feb 2020 to ensure timely publication. Further if you have any query, please feel free to write us using http://www.ijstr.org/contact.php - we always seek your valuable inputs to improve the quality of our IJSTR. Thanks Publication Team www.ijstr.org
IJSTR - Registration Form Accepted - IJSTR-0320-31917
To Dr. Ir. Yohanes Setiyo, MP <yohanes@unud.ac.id>
Cc To: surya wirawan surya_wirawan2005@yahoo.com Monday, 10 Feb 2020 22.16.08 AM
Dear Author,
Greetings from IJSTR Research Publications!
We would like to inform you that Registration form is Accepted.
Paper Title: Storage Characteristics of Granola Potato Bulbs for Seedlings After Storage
Paper Reference: "IJSTR-0320-31917"
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STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF GRANOLA POTATO BULBS FOR SEEDLINGS AFTER STORAGE
Yohanes Setiyo, Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono, Ida Bagus Wayan Gunam, I Putu Surya Wirawan 5500-5504
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2020 ISSN 2277-8616
5500
IJSTR©2020
www.ijstr.org
STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF GRANOLA
POTATO BULBS FOR SEEDLINGS AFTER
STORAGE Yohanes Setiyo, Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono, Ida Bagus Wayan Gunam, I Putu Surya Wirawan
Abstract— Farmers often use low-quality potato tubers and uncertified potato seeds, so 30-50% cannot be planted. To increase potato production to
reach 30 tons Ha-1, there needs to be quality potato seeds. The purpose of this research is to develop an appropriate method of storing potato seeds so
that the seeds have high quality. Mica plastic capacity of 12 kg, 25 kg and 50 kg is used as a storage chamber, storage treatment is an open chamber,
the lid is given a hole of 10%, the lid is given a hole of 20% and the chamber is closed. Containers containing potato seeds are stored in a room with a
temperature of 21-29 o
C, RH 75-80%, light intensity 0-200 lux. The quality parameters of potatoes are weight losses and specific gravity of potato
tubers, seed damage, number of apical shoots, and viability of seed potatoes after planting. It also observed water content, carbohydrate content, sugar
content and tuber protein content before and after storage. The treatment of potato seed storage in a 25 kg plastic mica chamber with 10% aeration hole
is the best treatment. The number of potato seeds lost due to evaporation was 5.12 ± 0.04%, and seed damage was 1.86 ± 0.05%. The number of
potato seeds that grew apical shoots after three months storage was 96.33 ± 1.1% and the viability of seeds when seed potatoes were planted in open
fields was more than 96.18 ± 0.46%.
Key words : Potato Seeds, Storage, Space, Apical Shoots
—————————— ——————————
1 INTRODUCTION
Potatoes are an important food and are widely consumed
besides rice and wheat, with a total production reaching 325 MT
[8,20]. Potatoes are planted in most countries including
Indonesia. The quality of the process of supplying basic seeds
or groups of potato tubers (G0, G1), scatter seeds (G2) and
primary seeds (G3, G4) is very important. The method of
planting and storing potato tubers is an important factor for
maintaining the quality of potato seeds. G2, G3 and G4 seed
groups are cultivated in open fields, and are stored by traditional
storage methods (TSR) on woven bamboo with a capacity of
30-75 kg, room temperature (24-31oC), RH (75-85%) and
without light, storage results are more than 30% damaged due
to rot [18,4]. High seed loss in the TSR method is due to high
temperatures, the air is too humid, and tubers have been
identified as being affected by the disease. On the other hand,
seed cultivation in open fields is easily attacked by andesiase
bacteria which is a leaf rot disease [12]. Farmers must use
recommended storage methods and certified seed potatoes for
increased yields.
In storage, potato tuber dormancy is influenced by humidity
(RH), diffuse temperature and light (DLS). Potato dormancy is
inversely proportional to shelf life [13,14]. In general, storage of
potatoes is carried out at low temperatures or even at room
temperature without special equipment or traditional storage
method (TSR). Storage temperature is very influential on
respiration, wound healing rate and spread of disease and
metabolism of sugar into starch. The optimal temperature for
storage of seed potatoes is 8-20°C and the optimal RH for
storage of potatoes is 85% [7]. However, Martin et al.(1992)
reported that the storage temperature of potatoes is 18-28oC at
RH 70-90%. Room temperature will be controlled at 21-25˚C
and RH 80-90% with a ventilation rate of 24 m3
min-1, if the
ambient temperature rises more than 40oC and RH is less than
35%. Storage of potatoes at this temperature, RH and no light in
this storage room can be carried out for 4 months before
planting potatoes.
The DLS potato storage method is better than the TSR potato
storage method, the application of effective convective
ventilation to reduce losses. The heat from the respiration
process is controlled by convective ventilation and seed
dormancy is controlled by temperature, RH and light diffusion
[4]. When the room storage temperature is low, so level
respiration is very low, the seed is inactive and does not require
a lot of fresh air changes.Potato storage problems for farmers in
Bali are: (1) quality of potato seeds from traditional cultivation
methods and uncontrolled seed generation, (2) methods of
storing potato seeds by TSR with a capacity of more than 50 kg
for each box, uncontrolled temperature, RH and light [18].
Storage box size, and light exceptions in the TSR method are
modified, so that storage conditions are controlled[5]. Potato
seeds must be stored in a room that has good light diffusion,
besides that the room has the availability of oxygen for the
growth of apical shoots. Therefore, aeration which aims to
provide oxygen to potato tubers and removes heat and moisture
from stored potato tubers is very important, this is to control
temperature, humidity and oxygen availability so that during
dormancy potato tubers are able to grow apical shoots.
complete with the lowest physical quality of potatoes. Storage in
a transparent mica plastic box with several capacities and
aeration with a hole for aeration needs to be done to obtain a
model of potato seed storage.
————————————————
Yohanes Setiyo, Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono, Ida Bagus Wayan
Gunam, I Putu Surya Wirawan
Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Udayana
University, Indonesia, E-mail: : yohanes@unud.co.id
Department of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Udayana University,
Indonesia, E-mail: ba_harsojuwono@yahoo.co.id
Department of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Udayana University,
Indonesia, E-mail: ibwgunam@unud.co.id
Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Udayana
University, Indonesia,
E-mail: surya_wirawan2005@yahoo.com
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2020 ISSN 2277-8616
5501
IJSTR©2020
www.ijstr.org
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1 Materials
The main ingredient in this study is the potato tuber G2 scatter
group, this tuber is the result of cultivation in open fields
harvested at the age of 90 hst. The characteristics of potato
tubers are: weight 45 ± 3 g, sphericity 0.84 ± 0.016, moisture
content 80% w.b and specific gravity 1.05 ± 0.02 g/cc.
Research equipment is containers (storage boxes), analytical
scales, hygrometers, and thermometers. Storage box in the
form of mica plastic capacity of 12.5 kg or has a volume of 20
liters.
2.2 Methods
Potato tubers are stored in a 20 litre plastic mica container or
hold 12.50 kg of potato tubers. The container has a clear colour,
red and black, on the lid of the container given a hole of 0%,
10%, 20%. The number of research treatments was 12 units
with a factorial design of two factors with each treatment
repeated 3 times. Storage of seed potato tubers is carried out
16 weeks at room temperature of 20-29 oC, room humidity of
70-85%, and the intensity of light entering in the afternoon 100-
200 lux.The parameters observed in the study were: shrinkage
of potato tuber weight, number of rotten tubers, number of
tubers that grew apically, number of apical shoots on potato
tubers. Observation of all parameters was carried out every
week from 100 samples of potato tubers from each treatment.
The weight of the tubers lost is measured by weighing, the
number of tubers damaged is counted and then separated with
tubers that are still good. The number of tubers that grow apical
shoots and the number of apical shoots per tuber is measured
by counting. After storage, the potato tubers which grow apically
buds are tested for viability. The number of potato tubers tested
for viability was 20 tubers and repeated 3 times. The viability
test is carried out by the method of growing potatoes in open
land, the viability test parameter is the power of potato tubers.
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS 3.1 POTATO WEIGHT SHRINKAGE
Farmers select potato seeds from previous harvests that are
stored for the next growing season Kaguongo, 2008. The
physical characteristics of potato tubers for seeds are weight
39,80 ± 1,3 – 42,60 ± 1,3g, the roundness of potatoes is 80 ±
1.2 - 90 ± 2.3%, tuber diameter is 48.7 ± 4.75 mm, and specific
gravity is 1,05 ± 0,02gram cc-1. The physical characteristics of
potato tubers for seeds are not significant for each storage
treatment. Based on physical properties, there are 95% of
potato tubers that meet the requirements as seeds because
they have a roundness of more than 80%, smooth skin surface
without black spots weighing 30-60 g tubers -1. This seed is
included in the group of basic seeds or potato seeds that are
planted to produce potato tubers of the main seedlings (G3), if
the potato tubers used as seeds weigh more than 60 g, the
cultivation is inefficient because the price of basic seeds is Rp.
30.000 kg- 1
. But if the weight of the seed potato tuber is less
than 30 g, the growth of seed potato plants is not healthy.
Therefore, seed potato tubers weighing less than 30 g suffer
from severe losses during storage, even if stored apical shoots
also grow after passing through a period of dormancy.
Table 1 Characteristic of seed potato after storage along
3 months
Table 1 illustrates the characteristics of potato tubers after
storage for 3 months. The average weight loss of potato tubers
is 4,93 ± 0,07 – 5,29 ± 0,04%, this value is lower than the
results of a study by Eltawil, et al. 2006; Babarinsa and Williams
(2015) and Wustman & Struik (2008). The amount of weight
shrinkage of potato tubers is very close to the study by Bianchi
(2013) and Afifah (2015). Shrinkage of potato tubers is mainly
caused by processes: respiration, sprouts, evaporation of water
from the tubers, spread of disease, changes in chemical
composition and physical properties of tubers and damage by
extreme temperatures [7,21]. However, in this study, the weight
loss of potato tubers was mainly due to the evaporation
process.Storage of seed potato tubers that have an average
water content of 90% at a temperature of 20-29 oC, RH 70-85%,
resulting in a decrease in tuber weight of: 0,39 ± 0,03% week-1,
is 0.09 ± 0.002% week-1, 0,14 ± 0,003% week-1, and 0,14 ±
0,003% week-1 for storage in open containers, with holes in the
lid by 10%, holes in the lid by 20% and lids without holes. In
storage in a closed container, the lid is given a hole of 10% and
20%, the process of air circulation from the storage container is
inhibited. Impaired air circulation causes water vapour
discharged out of the container to be obstructed and the
evaporation of water from the potato environment to be less
than the storage of potato tubers in an open container. In
addition, air circulation also causes limited oxygen in the
container so that the process of respiration that produces CO2
and water vapour is also weakened.The vapour pressure in the
storage room is less than environmental vapour, so the water in
the potato is evaporated into the environment. Potato weight
loss in open space storage is the fastest of other experiments.
The average tuber weight reduction in an open container was
0.39 ± 0.03% week-1 and the average weight loss of potatoes in
a closed room, a room with a hole of 10% and a room with a
hole of 20% each was 0,09 ± 0,002% week-1, 0,14 ± 0,.003%
week-1, and 0.14 ± 0.003% week-1. Respiration of all tubers
also increases metabolic activity, growth and evaporation [21],
so that the reduction in potato weight in open space storage is
greater than closed space storage.Storage of potato tubers in
coloured containers inhibits the process of diffusion of light,
especially during the day. However, statistically the colour of the
storage box does not significantly influence the amount of
weight loss. Black storage box walls absorb more light than red
or clear colours, so that at the black chamber was dark or no
light. Diffuse is effective in reducing storage loss and producing
better quality seed grades especially at tropical temperatures[5].
Aeration of treatment with hole on chamber has a very
significant effect on weight loss of potatoes. The rate of
evaporation of water from potato tubers to free air in open box
storage is fastest than other experiment, the process of
respiration of potatoes in open chamber is usually because
oxygen is available. The process of respiration on potato tubers
in closed containers, 10% and 20% aeration holes is inhibited
due to the limited availability of oxygen in the container, in
addition to that water vapour due to respiration accumulates in
the container.The relationship between storage time and potato
Parameter
Colour of
chamber
Open
Chamber
Chamber
with 10 %
hole
Chamber
with 20 %
hole
Closed
chamber
Average
weight
Slight 41,56±1,1 42,60±1,3 41,00±1,4 40,60±1,2
Red 40,56±1,3 41,30±1,2 40,30±1,2 40,00±1,3
Black 40,16±1,1 41,60±1,4 40,70±1,2 39,80±1,3
Sphericity, %
Slight 81±2,1 83±2,6 83±1,5 90±2,3
Red 82±2,4 82±3 87±3,0 85±1,3
Black 82±2,2 82±0,03 81±1,4 80±1,2
Total weight
losses, %
Slight 5,13±0,08 5,15±0,07 5,21±0,07 4,93±0,07
Red 5,16±0,07 5,12±0,04 5,19±0,04 5,02±0,06
Black 5,29±0,04 5,14±0,06 5,17±0,04 5,04±0,06
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tuber shrinkage has a second-order polynomial pattern with r2
0,98 – 0,99. The greater weight tuber reduction if the chances of
the potato tuber to come into contact with outside air are: the
greater or aeration hole is closed the more the percentage. The
peak weight loss of potatoes due to evaporation occurs at 12-13
weeks of storage.Based on the results of the variance of the
colour factor of the box, the number of holes in the lid of the
storage box lid and its combination has a very significant effect
(P> 0,01) on the total reduction in potato tuber weight during 3
months storage. The best treatment for weight loss during
potato storage is storage in a plastic mica chamber with 10%
holes in the lid.
Fig.1. Bulk density of seed potatoes along storage
Loss of potato tuber weight will affect the specific gravity of the
seed tuber. Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between storage
age of potato tubers and their specific gravity. As a result of
weight loss, the specific weight of potato tubers during storage
decreases in value. Bianchi et al. (2012), the fastest decrease in
density occurs in treatments in open box storage and the
slowest decrease in density occurs in storage treatments. in a
closed box.
The results of the analysis of the variance of the box colour
factor did not affect (P> 0,05) on the potato tuber specific gravity
after 3 months of storage, but the number of aeration and
combination treatments had a very significant effect (P> 0,01)
affecting the specific weight of the potato tuber at the end of
storage. Storage treatment with 50 kg capacity box and 10%
aeration hole is the best treatment, because the specific gravity
of the potato is 1,03 ± 0,01 g cc-1. In this condition potato tubers
have the most elastic texture and qualify as seeds that are
ready to be planted.
3.2 Damage to Seed potato tubers
The storage treatment in a closed box has the number of tubers
damaged 4,04 ± 1,0%, the storage treatment in a 12,5 kg
container has 4,81 ± 0,8% potato damage, and the combination
of a black box treatment and a closed container has a damage
of 5,74%. The value of potato tuber damage is still smaller than
the results of Setiyo et al. 2017 and Babarinsa and Williams
(2015). In a closed box with a black box during the storage
process occurs evaporation which then increases the humidity
of the air, so that the decomposing microbes will develop faster
than low humidity conditions. In addition, potato tubers which
are cultivated in open fields are indicated to be affected by
fusarium microbes, total of plants attack by fusarium is 3-
5%[19]. .The colour of the box and the number of aeration
holes were not significant with the amount of damage to seed
potato tubers, but the combination treatment was a significant
effect (P> 0,05) with the number of rotten potato tubers after 3
months of storage. The best treatment is storage in red
chamber with 10% aeration hole at the closed chamber, the
average amount of damage to potato tubers in this treatment is
2,39 ± 0,40%, this number is lower than the study by Oliveira et
al. (2012).The quality of seed potatoes from the second
generation seed group or G2 is harvested on open land.
Cultivation fields are fertilized using chicken manure compost at
a dose of 20 tons per ha, and the results of identification of
compost contain fusarium groups of fungi and also attack the
population of cultivated potato plants around 3-5%, so the
stored potato seeds are stored potentially become unhealthy
[19]. In addition, in the process of selecting seeds to be stored
there is the potential for injured potato seeds to be processed.
Potato quality cannot be improved during storage. At harvest,
the storage method has a very significant effect on the
percentage of the number of tubers infected with bacterial wilt
[12]. Bacterial wilt and fusarium fungus can cause total yield
loss and cause poor quality tuber production.
3.3 Number of Potatoes Growing Apical
The number of potato tuber varieties of granola that grow
apical shoots during 3 months of storage has a temperature of
20 - 31oC shown in figure 2. The illustrated that all storage
treatments produce the number of tubers that grow shoots
after 3 months of storage more than 80%. Potato storage at
28oC is shortened to 45 days [9]. Storage in a space with
limited oxygen or 10% or 20% aeration hole provides the
fastest shoot growth yield of 94%, this is because in this
treatment in addition to the availability of oxygen as well the
relative humidity of the air was maintained more than 80% The
dormancy period of the potato tuber was 3 months. For all
treatments, the tubers was grew apical shoot starting at 1,5
months storage.
Fig. 2. Number of potato tubers growing apical shoots
Potato buds grow well after a period of dormancy when the
storage process is carried out in a room with sunlight that is
able to penetrate the walls of the box or be stored on the
ground. After 12 weeks the percentage of apical shoots in
potato tubers more than 30% grew apical shoots and the
number of tubers was more than the research of Babarinsa
and Williams (2015) using the DLS and TSR potato storage
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method. The growth rate of shoots is influenced by
temperature and humidity. The temperature of a good storage
room is 25 - 31oC with humidity below 75 - 82%. In air where
the humidity is too low, potato tubers lose weight and this
greatly influences the growth of shoots. Storage at
temperatures above 25oC can reduce the potato tuber mass
dormancy, potato dormancy mass less than 84 days or 24
weeks [1,28].The number of potato tubers that grew one bud,
two buds, three buds and more than three buds were 60,25 ±
3,4%, 17,13 ± 2,1%, 13,41 ± 1,91% and 8,94 ± 0,95%. The
results of analysis of variance showed that the box colour
factor did not significantly influence the number of tubers that
grew apically, but the number of aeration holes combined with
the colour of the squares had a very significant effect on the
number of tubers that grew apically. The best treatment based
on the number of tubers that grow buds and the ideal number
of apical shoots in tubers is the storage treatment with a red
colour and a hole in the lid as much as 10%, in this treatment
there are 79,55 ± 2,1% tubers that grow one and two shoots.
One or two apical shoots in culture will grow healthy and
produce tubers optimally [23]. Lack of adequate ventilation is a
factor known to support the development of apical shoots in
potatoes[5].The dormancy period of potatoes is longer if the
storage is carried out at temperatures below 25oC such as
storage in Bedugul-Bali. However, at temperatures lower than
15 to 25ºC and high humidity, plants tend to be infected with
Phytopthora infestans because these conditions are favorable
for reproduction and spread of pathogens [17]. Additional
benefits of scattered light in dark storage are an increase in
the number of sprouts and an increase in resistance to some
pests and diseases due to greening of tubers and a reduction
in apical dominance, which limits the number of stems that can
develop from seed planted [5].Apical shoots grow from all
treatments after potato tubers are cultivated in open fields for
two weeks, seed viability is more than 95%. The viability of
potato seeds with apical buds from storage results in a
chamber with a hole of 20% and potato seeds from enclosed
boxes with apical buds of more than three are less than
95%(Fig.3). The quality of apical shoots and the quality of
potato tubers is important in apical shoots planted in the field.
In the apical shoot growth phase, shoots can grow both in the
storage room and in the field without sunlight. The growth rate
of shoots in the field depends on the temperature and soil
moisture content. At high temperatures the shoots grow faster
than low temperatures so plants grow earlier than the ground
surface. If the soil is dry, the tubers lose weight so the shoots
grow more slowly[6,12]. Soil temperature in the root zone is
18-21oC, soil moisture content is 32-37% w.b, with soil pH of
6,5 ± 0,3. The soil for testing the feasibility of potato tubers is
land that is fertilized with chicken manure compost so that it
has an organic content of more than 5% and soil porosity of 55
± 2.3 [18].
Fig. 3. The number of live potato plants in the viability test
Seed bulbs from all storage treatments had good physical
characteristics with specific gravity of 0,96 – 1,03, roundness
of 0,81 ± 0,04, weight of 50,19 ± 2,1 g. In addition,
environmental factors that are developing are also very good.
4 CONCLUSION
Storage of potato tubers in seedlings of G2 granola varieties in
plastic mica boxes with a capacity of 12,5 kg and in the tutu
section there is a 10% aeration hole producing the best seed
potato tubers after storage for 3 months. The number of rot
tubers was 2,39 ± 0,40%, the number of tubers growing one
and two apical shoots was 79,55 ± 2,1%, the tuber viability
when planted was more than 95%. Characteristics of potato
tubers after 3 months storage of this treatment are specific
gravity 0,96 – 1,03, roundness of 0,81 ± 0,04, weight of 50,19
± 2,1 g.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to thank the Institute for Research and
Community Service at the University of Udayana Indonesia
(Udayana Discovery Grant No.641110/UN14.2/PNL.01.03.00 /
2016) for financial support.
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