TO COOPERATE

OR NOT

TO COOOPERATE

R E G I ON A L A

C A D E M Y FO R D

E M O C R A C Y ,

3 0 . 6. 2

0 1 3

UNDERSTANDING COOPERATION?

Who we are?

Why we behave the way we do?

How to be more efficient in our cooperative efforts?

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

?

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

A cooperator is someone who pays a cost, for another individual to receive a benefit

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

Cooperation is the process by which the components of a system work together to achieve the global properties. In other words, individual components that appear to be “selfish” and independent work together o create a highly complex, greater-than-the-sum-of-its-parts system

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

‘‘No hint of genuine charity ameliorates our vision of society, once sentimentalism has been laid aside. What passes for cooperation turns out to be a mixture of opportunism and exploitation. . .Scratch an altruist, and watch a hypocrite bleed.’’

 Ghiselin (1974, p. 247)

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

(EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION

• Mistake?• Heart in a sleeve?• Manipulation?• Moralistic reciprocity?• Cultural group selection?

TASK 1

DICTATOR GAME

DICTATOR GAME

TASK 2

ULTIMATUM GAME

ULTIMATUM GAME

TASK 2

Homo economicus?

TASK 3

PRISONERS DILEMMA

PRISONERS DILEMMA

HAWK DOVE

FISHPONDIn this role-playing game, players are asked to fish in a pond. At the beginning of the game, the pond contains four fish perplayer (e.g. 20 players = 80 fish). The game is played in rounds. In each round, every player maycatch between zero and three fish. The remaining fish multiply between rounds. The game lasts for a maximum of ten rounds.

TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS

TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS

COOPERATION RULES AND GUIDELINESIn summary, success in an evolutionary "game" correlated with

the following characteristics:

• Be nice: cooperate, never be the first to defect.• Be provocable: return defection for defection, cooperation

for cooperation.• Don't be envious:: be fair with your partner• Don't be too clever: or, don't try to be tricky

COOPERATION RULES AND GUIDELINES

[T]here must be some coercive power to compel men equally to the performance of their covenants by the terror of some punishment greater than the benefit they expect by the breachof their covenant.... (Hobbes 1651, p. 120

COOPERATION RULES AND GUIDELINESCredibility enhancing display – credible commitment

“actions speak louder than words?”

COOPERATION RULES AND GUIDELINESGroup identity and Identiy fusion

COOPERATION RULES AND GUIDELINESGroup identity and Identiy fusion

COOPERATION RULES AND GUIDELINES

Group identiy and Identiy fusion

AND SOME GOOD NEWS FOR THE END