Title of the Presentation This Is the Subtitle · 3: (pos 00411) key(135) Koziaczy Jacek Dummy2 36...

SAP® MaxDB™

Expert Session – No-Reorganization Principle

IMS NW MaxDB / liveCache

August 2012

Expert Session

No-Reorganization Principle

IMS NW MaxDB / liveCache

Heike Gursch

Oksana Alekseious

August 14, 2012

Agenda

1. Preconditions for No-Reorganization

2. B* Tree Concept Structure of a B* Tree

Access to Data

Examples of Pages

Contents of a Data Page

B* Tree Balancing

What are B* Trees used for?

3. Concept of Filedirectory System View FILES

System View ROOT

Preconditions for No-Reorganization

Space that is no longer used must be available for the database immediately.

The degree of usage of the data blocks must maintained at a consistently high level.

The data storage within the data blocks must be compact; no gaps are allowed.

No-Reorganization Principle (1)

No-reorganization

update in place

sort by insertion

delete in place

Storage of data in B* trees

Tables and indexes

Data of type LOB (BLOBs, CLOBs, ex Long)

No-Reorganization Principle (2)

Storage concept

concept of B* trees

access to data

execution of an INSERT

execution of a DELETE

execution of an UPDATE

B* tree balancing

striping

B* Tree Concept

Level 0 (Leaf level)

Level 1 (Index level)

Level 2 (Root level)

Auber .. Avon

Structure of a B* Tree

Baf .. Waf

An Au Az Baf .. Bi Waf .. Zu

Aalen .. Amiens Aneby .. Athens

Access to Data (1)

Baf .. Waf

Aalen .. Amiens Aneby .. Athens Auber .. Avon

SELECT FROM address

WHERE city ='Athens'

Athens < Baf

Goto Address

Access to Data (2)

Baf .. Waf

Aalen .. Amiens Aneby .. Athens Auber .. Avon

SELECT FROM address

WHERE city ='Athens'

Athens < Au

Goto Address 0x...

Example Root Level

Start position of

separator

Page number on

next level

Truncated

primary key value

We‘ll follow this page

number ...

Example Index Level

Start position of

separator

Page number

on the next level

Truncated

primary key value

We want to follow this page

number...

Example Leaf Level I

Start position of

the record

Primary key length Primary key value

Example Leaf Level II

Example: Table ZZTELE

select f.root, f.type, t.tablename, entrycount from files f, tables t where f.fileid = t.tableid and

tablename='ZZTELE'

ROOT TYPE TABLENAME ENTRYCOUNT

3034399 TABLE ZZTELE 114199

Root and Index Level I of the Table ZZTELE

ROOT 3034399 level 3 perm entries : 2 [block 0]

bottom : 241 filevers: 46151 convvers: 49448

writecnt: 1

1: (pos 00081) -> 3036160 #0 sep(0)

2: (pos 00093) -> 4201499 #0 sep(135): Legner Ina dummy4

NODE 3036160 level 2 perm entries : 28 [block 1]

bottom : 3759 root : 3034399 convvers: 49448

right : 4201499 writecnt: 1

1: (pos 00081) -> 3093547 #0 sep(0)

2: (pos 00093) -> 4150358 #0 sep(135): Al-Rajhi Liza dummy3

3: (pos 00241) -> 3080024 #0 sep(135): Anez Marcela dummy3

4: (pos 00389) -> 3005515 #0 sep(135): Baeck Christian dummy2

5: (pos 00537) -> 3050137 #0 sep(135): Beck Bettina dummy2

26: (pos 03335) -> 3080354 #0 sep(135): Klingels Ulrich dummy4

27: (pos 03483) -> 2991597 #0 sep(125): Koyama Emiko d

28: (pos 03621) -> 3035591 #0 sep(125): Leblon Pierre d

NODE 4201499 level 2 perm entries : 30 [block 2]

right : nil writecnt: 1

1: (pos 00081) -> 3064665 #0 sep(135): Legner Ina dummy4

2: (pos 00229) -> 3064701 #0 sep(134): Loehrlein Harald dummy

3: (pos 04155) -> 3051003 #0 sep(135): Luedtke Christine dummy2

29: (pos 03565) -> 3095070 #0 sep(135): Wray Paul Philip dummy2

30: (pos 03713) -> 3020557 #0 sep(135): Zhao Xu Min dummy4

Index Level II of the Table ZZTELE

26: (pos 03335) -> 3080354 #0 sep(135): Klingels Ulrich dummy4

28: (pos 03621) -> 3035591 #0 sep(125): Leblon Pierre d

NODE 3080354 level 1 perm sorted entries : 58 [block 28]

2: (pos 00219) -> 3019059 #0 sep(9): Kozi

3: (pos 00241) -> 3050083 #0 sep(134): Kraehmer Karin Dummy

66: (pos 07371) -> 3080384 #0 sep(135): LAUREAU Laurence dummy4

67: (pos 07519) -> 2991613 #0 sep(135): LE GRATIET Gwenola Dummy3

Leaf Level of the Table ZZTELE

2: (pos 00219) -> 3019059 #0 sep(9): Kozi

3: (pos 00241) -> 3050083 #0 sep(134): Kraehmer Karin Dummy

LEAF 3019059 perm sorted entries : 37 [block 1536]

00021 ndRoot : 3034399/1F4D2E00

00025 ndRight : 3050083/638A2E00

00029 ndLeft : 3094341/45372F00

1: (pos 00081) key(133) Koziaczy Jacek Dummy 34 22306

2: (pos 00245) key(135) Koziaczy Jacek Dummy1 35 22307

6: (pos 00909) key(135) Koziaczy Jacek Wexstr 39 22311

7: (pos 01075) key(133) Kozlov Alexandr Dummy 40 22312 Facilities

Moscow

Contents of a Data Page

Position List

(sorted)

Aneby |.....

Ardwick|.... Arbon |.......

Apach |. Apensen|.....

191 206 169 143 111

em |...

Data Entries

(unsorted)

Aneby |.....

Apach |.

Apensen|.....

Arbon |.......

Ardwick|........

Arnhem |...

Athens |........

Athens |.......

Aneby .. Athens

217 81

Sort by Insertion (1)

INSERT INTO address (name) values ('Arbon‘)

Aneby |..... Athens |.........

Ardwick|....... Apach |.

ensen|..... Arnhem |...

Arbon |.......

169 184

143 81 111 195

Sort by Insertion (2)

INSERT INTO address (name) values ('Arbon‘)

Ardwick|........

Aneby |..... Athens |.........

Ardwick|.......

Arbon -

|.......

Aneby |.....

Apach |.

Apensen |.....

Arbon |.......

Arnhem |...

Athens |.......

Apach |.

169 184 239 143 111 195 81

Update in Place (1)

UPDATE address

SET street = 'AKROPOLIS 1'

KEY city = 'Athens'

Aneby |..... Athens |.........

Ardwick|....... Apach |..

169 184 143 81 111 195

Update in Place (2)

UPDATE address

SET street = 'Olymp 27'

KEY city = 'Athens'

Aneby |..... Athens |.. Ard-

Apach |. Apensen|..

81 111

wick|.......

169 184 143 195 166 181 140 192

Delete in Place (1)

Aneby |..... Athens |.........

Ardwick|.......

Apach |. Apensen |.....

em |...

Arnh- Arbon |.......

DELETE FROM address WHERE name = 'Arbon'

191 206

143 111 217 81

Delete in Place (2)

Aneby |..... Athens |.........

Ardwick|....... Apach |.

DELETE FROM address WHERE name = 'Arbon'

169 184 143 81 111 195

Inserting a Data Page

(Page Split Operation) (1)

Aalen... Aneby .. Athens.

Albas .. Amiens..

INSERT INTO address (name) values (‘Albas‘)

Inserting a Data Page

(Page Split Operation) (2)

Al An Au

Albas .. Amiens.. Aneby´ .. Athens. Aalen...

INSERT INTO address (name) values (‘Albas‘)

B* Tree Balancing (1)

B* Tree Balancing (2)

B* Tree Locks (as of version 7.5)

Exclusive

Exklusive

T1 T2 T3 User tasks

Write access Read access

Root level

Index level

Leaf level

B* tree locks are no SQL locks !

B* tree locks are held for a very short time

B* Trees

Exactly one B* tree for:

every table

every table with columns of type LOB for all short LOB values (< ca. 8 KB)

every longer LOB value (> ca. 8 KB)

every index

subtrees of indexes

LOB Columns (Large Objects)

LOBid 1

LOBid 2

LOBid 3

Primary table Table for

short LOB values

LOBid 1

LOBid 2

L-Data

Proprietary files

for longer

LOB values

K4 32000 LOBid 4

Primary table Index table

1010 K1 K3 K5

2040 K6

K7 4030

Indexes

… …

B* Trees

K I L ...

K: Key

I: Index

L: LOB column

Primary data Index

short LOBs

longer LOBs

System View ROOTS

Tables are internally administered by a 'tableid‘

Mapping to B* trees via an entry in the file directory.

Title of the Presentation This Is the Subtitle · 3: (pos 00411) key(135) Koziaczy Jacek Dummy2 36...

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