TissuTissueses

Four Types of Tissues

Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous

Epithelial Tissue• Epidermal membrane – Skin

• Serous membrane – linings of the internal cavities

(excluding: dorsal cavity and joint cavity)

• Mucous membrane – linings of digestive and respiratory

tracks

Epithelial TissueCharacteristics

1. Cells fit close together2. Membranes always have

one free surface3. Cells are attached to a

Basement membrane

Epithelial Tissue4. Avascular – nutrients diffuse from underlying connective tissue

5. Regeneration is easy if well nourished

Epithelial Tissue Types

1. Simple – single layer

Epithelial Tissue Types

2. Stratified -

Stacked

Epithelial Tissue Types

3. Glandular:– in glands used to excrete or secrete solutions

Simple Epithelial

Responsible for•Diffusion•Filtration•Secretion•Absorption

Simple Epithelial

1. SquamousFlatUsed in filtration

Rapid diffusion of gas into solution

Simple Epithelial

•Simple Squamous Epithelial

Simple Epithelial

2. Cuboidal

Simple Epithelial

3. Columnar–Column shaped

–Free surface may have microvilli

Simple Epithelial

•Simple Columnar Epithelial

Simple Epithelial

Simple Simple columnar columnar epithelialepithelial

Simple Epithelial

4.Pseudostratified–All cells attached to the basement membrane, may have cilia on the free surface

Stratified Epithelial

•Passive diffusion is possible

•Resistant to damage

Stratified Epithelial1. Stratified

Squamous– Skin– Oral cavity– Pharynx– Vocal chords– Esophagus– Vagina– Anus

Stratified Epithelial•Stratified

Squamous Epithelial

Stratified Epithelial

2. Transitional– All squamous

Example:Bladder – expands to hold up to 1 liter of fluid

Stratified Epithelial•Transitional

Glandular Epithelial

First type:Endocrine:

DuctlessProduction of hormones released directly into the blood or lymph system

Glandular Epithelial

Second type:Exocrine:

Retain their ductsRelease of material on an epithelia membrane

Ex. Sweat, oil, mammary

Tissue Types Epithelial Connective

Muscular Nervous

Connective Tissue•Most abundant and widely

spread

•Found in all parts of the body as a discrete structure or as a body organ

Connective Tissue

• Functions:Protect – bones and adipose

(insulate / pad)Support - bonesBind together – ligaments and

tendons

Connective Tissue• Characteristics

1. well vascularized(few exceptions – cartilage / ligament /

tendons)

2. composed of different types of cells

3. contains a matrix(non living material between cells)

Connective Tissue• Matrix:

1.Produced by the cells then extruded

2. Responsible for strength associated with the tissue

3. Consistency may range from liquid to semisolid to gel like to hard

Connective Tissue• Matrix

4. Range

Hemopoietic and adipose –mostly cells

Dense – bone and cartilage – mostly matrix

Connective Tissue• Matrix

5. Matrix fibers

Collagenic (white) fibers

Elastic (yellow) fibers

Reticular (fine collagenic)

fibers

Connective Tissue

•Adipose connective tissue

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

•BloodBlood–ErythrocyteErythrocytes and one s and one Leukocyte Leukocyte (monocyte)(monocyte)

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

BoneBone

Connective Tissue

•Dense fibrousDense fibrous

Connective Tissue

•Hyaline Cartilage Hyaline Cartilage

Connective Tissue

Tissue Types Epithelial Connective Muscular

Nervous

MuscularMuscular

Tissue that has the ability to contract and relax to provide

movement through space.

MuscularMuscularTypes:

1.Skeletal – attached to the skeleton

multinucleated

striated

Voluntary

MuscularMuscular•Teased Skeletal MuscleTeased Skeletal Muscle

MuscularMuscular•Cardiac Muscle:

1. only found in the heart

2. Multinucleated

3. Striated

4. Intercalated disks at tight junctions

MuscularMuscular• Cardiac muscle / InvoluntaryInvoluntary

MuscularMuscular• Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle:

VisceralFound Inside the walls of hollow

organs and blood vessels.Unlike the other two types of

musclesNo striations & uninucleated

MuscularMuscular• Smooth muscle

Teased

MuscularMuscular

Tissue Types Epithelial Connective Muscular

Nervous

Nervous TissueNervous Tissue• Cells are called Neurons

• Cell structure is unique from all other cells in the body

• Cells migrate Used for the conduction of impulses

• Length varies from 1mm to 1 meter

Nervous TissueNervous Tissue

Typical neural Typical neural cellcell

Nervous TissueNervous Tissue

Lower brain Lower brain stemstem

Nervous TissueNervous Tissue

Cerebral Cerebral cortexcortex