TINGKAHLAKU TINGKAHLAKU KEPEMIMPINANKEPEMIMPINAN

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BASIC LEADERSHIP MODELSBASIC LEADERSHIP MODELS

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• Two basic model of leadership:– Traits– Behavior

• Traits model of leadership– Based on observed characteristics of many

leaders – both successful and unsuccessful – to predict leadership effectiveness.

– Successful leaders have interest and abilities that are different from those of less effective leaders.

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Key traits:• Intelligence = more intelligence than

subordinate• Maturity and breadth = tend to be more

emotionally mature and have a broad range of interest.

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• Inner motivation and achievement drive = are result oriented– When they achieve one goal, they seek

another– They do not depend on employees for their

motivation to achieve goal– Honesty = have integrity AND trustworthy.

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• Limitation is inadequate because:– There is no consistence patterns between

specific traits or sets of traits and leadership effectiveness.

– Always relate physical characteristic such as height, weight and health to effective leadership.

– Leadership itself is complex.

BEHAVIORAL MODEL OF BEHAVIORAL MODEL OF LEADERSHIPLEADERSHIP

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• Focus on what leaders actually do and how they do it.

• Effective leaders help individuals and teams to achieve their goal in 2 way:– First: they build task-centered relations and

focus on the quality and quantity of work accomplished.

– Second: they are considerate and supportive of employees; attempts to achieve personal goals.

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• Example: work satisfaction ,promotions recognition

and• Work hard to settle disputes keeping

people happy, provide encouragement and giving positive reinforcement

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A.A. OHIO STATE THEORYOHIO STATE THEORY

1. Consideration - leader concerned with subordinates feelings and respects subordinate and relationship is characterized by mutual, trust, respect, 2-way communication.

2. Initiating structure - the leader clearly defined the leader subordinates roles so that subordinates know what is expected of them. The leaders establish channels of communication and determines the methods for accomplishing the group’s task.” (e.g.p. 16)

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B.B. MICHIGAN STUDIESMICHIGAN STUDIES1. Job centered – leader pays close attention to

the work of subordinates, explains work procedures & is interested in performance – main concern is efficient completion of task.

2. Employee centered - leader attempts to build effective work groups with high performance goals.Leaders main concern is with high performance, but that was to be accomplished by paying attention to the human aspects of the group.

opposite ends job centeredemployee centered

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C.C. LEADERSHIP GRIDLEADERSHIP GRID

• A framework for portraying types of leadership behavior and their various potential combination.

• 2 dimension: concern production and concern for people

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987654321

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

(1,1) (9,1)

(9,9)

(5,5)

(1,9)

Concern for production

Concernfor

people

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• (1,1) – low people, low production• (9,1) – high production, low people• (1,9) – high people, low production• (5,5) – balance (50% of both)• (9,9) – most effective leadership

note : (9 represents high concern) ( 1 represents low concern)

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D.D. TANNENBAUM SCHMIDT LEADERSHIP TANNENBAUM SCHMIDT LEADERSHIP GRIDGRID

1. TELLING2. SELLING3. CONSULTING4. JOINING

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Tells Sells Consults JoinsConcept:Leader centered:Involvement of subordinates not necessary.Language:This is where we will go and this is how we will get there.

Leader centered:Involve subordinates to insure understanding.

This is where we will go and how we will get there. Are there any question?

Team centered:Involve subordinates in discussion of how to implement leader’s goal.

This is where we will go. Let’s talk about the best way to get there.

Team centered:Involve subordinates in setting goals and appraising progress.

Let’s discuss our unit goals, the best way to get there and how we will evaluate progress.

LEADERSHIP STYLE

(Use of Authority by Leader)

GROUP PARTICIPATION

(Areas of Freedom of the Group)

Announces decision permits questions.

Action:Leader decides; Announces decision.

Gives group Freedom to

define problem and decide.

Presents problems andboundaries; group decides.

“sells” decisions to group

Present problem; ask for ideas;decides.

Present tentative decision; consults group and decides.

LEADER CENTERED TEAM CENTERED

Prof. Dr. Zaidatol Prof. Dr. Zaidatol Akmaliah Lope PihieAkmaliah Lope Pihie

September 2014September 2014

Educational leadership Educational leadership theorytheory

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Bass’ TheoryBass’ Theory

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Leithwood’s TheoryLeithwood’s Theory

2020

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Griffith’s TheoryGriffith’s Theory

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Leithwood’s TheoryLeithwood’s Theory

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MC Ewan’s TheoryMC Ewan’s Theory

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Blase’s TheoryBlase’s Theory

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Hallinger’s TheoryHallinger’s Theory

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