Tindale-Oliver &Associates, Inc.

National Impact Fee Roundtable

National Impact Fee Roundtable

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives – Fire Flow Methodology

Robert P. Wallace, P.E., AICPOctober 20-22, 2004

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview

1. Methodology1. Methodology

2. Standards and Service Area2. Standards and Service Area

3. Basic Formula3. Basic Formula

4. Fee Schedule4. Fee Schedule

5. Pro’s and Con’s5. Pro’s and Con’s

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology MethodologyMethodology

Guide for Determination of Needed Fire FlowEdition 10-2001

Guide for Determination of Needed Fire FlowEdition 10-2001

545 Washington Blvd

Jersey City, New Jersey 07310-1686

(800) 888-4ISO (4476)

www.iso.com

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology

A Look at Details Methodology

A Look at Details Methodology

Number of gallons of water needed per minute to effectively extinguish a fire

Definition of Fire FlowDefinition of Fire Flow

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology

A Look at Details Methodology

A Look at Details Methodology

Land UsesResidential vs. Non-residentialResidential vs. Non-residential

0500

100015002000250030003500

Residential

Office/Institution

Retail

Industry

Fire Flow Gallons/ Minute

10,000 to 50,000 sq. ft. category

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology A Look at Details

Methodology(Needed Fire Flow (NFF))

A Look at Details Methodology

(Needed Fire Flow (NFF))

Where:

C = Construction Type Factor

O = Occupancy Type Factor

X = Exposure Factor Between Buildings

P = Communication Factor (Passageways)

NFF = (C)(O)(1+(X+P))NFF = (C)(O)(1+(X+P))

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology

Where:

C = Fire Flow for Construction Type Factor

F = Coefficient For Each Construction Class

A = Effective Floor Area of Building

C = (18)(F)(A)(0.5)C = (18)(F)(A)(0.5)

A Look at Details Methodology(Fire Flow for Construction Type

Factor)

A Look at Details Methodology(Fire Flow for Construction Type

Factor)

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology

Factors Considered in Service Delivery:

Distance Traveled

Coverage Area

Number of Homes in Coverage Area

A Look at Details Methodology

A Look at Details Methodology

Residential Land UsesResidential Land Uses

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology

Measured in Fire Flow

Several Factors Affect Calculation

Converted to Percent of Residential

A Look at Details Methodology

A Look at Details Methodology

Non - Residential Land UsesNon - Residential Land Uses

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Standards & Service AreaStandards & Service Area

• Response Distance (Travel Speed x Response Time Standard)

• Coverage Area (Square Miles)

• Density (Maximum Units in Coverage Area)

Service AreaService Area

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Standards & Service AreaStandards & Service Area

Response Time

Stations Per Population

StandardsStandards

4 Stations

3 to 6 minutes response

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Basic FormulaBasic Formula

Impact Fee = (Demand x Unit Cost) - (Credit)Impact Fee = (Demand x Unit Cost) - (Credit)

Impact Fee = (New Growth) - (New Revenue)Impact Fee = (New Growth) - (New Revenue)

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology

Basic FormulaBasic Formula

Land UseType of Const. Factor

AVG Floor Area

Base Fire Flow Need

Occupancy Factor

Expo-sure

Total Fire Flow Need

% of Single Family Home

SINGLE FAMILYSingle Family Unit

1.0 1,500 697 0.75 0.60 837 100%

INDUSTRYOver 100,000 sf

0.8 150,000 5,577 1.25 0.00 6,971 465%

OFFICE10,001-50,000 sf

0.8 30,000 2,494 0.75 0.05 1,964 100%

RETAIL10,001-50,000 sf

0.8 30,000 2,494 1.00 0.05 2,619 175%

INSTITUTION10,001-50,000 sf

0.8 30,000 2,494 0.75 0.05 1,964 100%

Non-Residential Fire Flow Demand as a Percent of Residential Demand

Non-Residential Fire Flow Demand as a Percent of Residential Demand

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Basic FormulaBasic Formula

Fire, Land, Facilities and Equipment

ResidentialLand Uses

ResidentialLand Uses

Base SystemCosts

Base SystemCosts

Non-ResidentialLand Uses

Non-ResidentialLand Uses

Expanded System Costs

Expanded System Costs

Capital CostsCapital Costs

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology

LAND & IMPROVEMENTS

Capital ItemTotal

InventoryAverage per

StationCost Per

UnitCapital

Cost/Station

Land (Acres) 0.75 $80,000 $60,000

Utility Relocation 1 $20,000 $20,000

Drainage Improvement 1 $20,000 $20,000

Parking & Landscaping 20 $3,000 $60,000

Building (sq ft) 3 7500 $110 $825,000

A&E Inspection @ 15% 1 $138,750 $138,750

Total Land & Improvement Cost Per Station $1,123,750

Basic FormulaBasic Formula

EQUIPMENT

Capital ItemTotal

InventoryAverage per

StationCost Per

UnitCapital

Cost/Station

Ladder Truck 2 0.67 $585,000 $390,000

Brush/Tanker Truck 3 1.00 $75,000 $75,000

Pumper Truck 4 1.33 $275,000 $366,667

Quick Attach Pumper 3 1.00 $75,000 $75,000

Other Equipment 3 1.00 $50,000 $50,000

Total Equipment Cost Per Station $956,667

Total Equipment Cost Per Station $956,667

Total Land & Improvement Cost Per Station $1,123,750

Total Capital Cost Per Station $2,080,417

Total Base Station Cost (For Single Family Home) $1,690,417

Capital CostsCapital Costs

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology

Basic Formula Basic Formula

Fire Flow

(Gallons per minute)

Stations

Req’d and Other

Equipment

Quick Attack / Brush-Tanker

Truck Req’d

Pumper Tank Req

Ladder Truck Req’d

Total Cost

% of Residential

Unit (<1,500

GPM) Total Response

Cost

Less than 1,000 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.0 $1,690,417 100%

1,001 – 2,000 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.0 $1,690,417 100%

2,001 – 3,000 1.3 1.0 1.7 1.0 $2,736,350 162%

3,001 – 4,000 1.8 1.0 2.4 1.0 $3,506,100 207%

4,001 – 5,000 2.0 2.0 2.7 1.0 $3,964,000 234%

5,001 – 6,000 2.5 3.0 3.3 1.0 $4,883,750 289%

Over 6,000 3.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 $6,388,500 378%

AVG Unit Cost $1,173,760 $150,000 $275,000 $585,000

Capital Costs As A Percent of ResidentialCapital Costs As A Percent of Residential

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology

Considers Both:

o Actual Historical Expenditures

o Policy / CIP Planned Future Expenditures

Calculation Options:

o Average Unit Valuation by Land Use

o Per Capita Expenditure

Expressed as Present Value

Basic FormulaBasic Formula

Credit and RecoupmentCredit and Recoupment

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology

Fee ScheduleFee Schedule

OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3 OPTION 4

Response Time minutes 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Base Station Costs

dollars $1,690,417 $1,690,417 $1, 690,417 $1,690,417

LAND USE TYPE

Unit SqFt

RESIDENTIALSingle Family Dwelling 1500 $196 $110 $70 $49

INDUSTRIAL10,001-50,000 sf Building 1000 $290 $163 $104 $72

OFFICE10,001-50,000 sf Building 1000 $130 $73 $47 $33

RETAIL10,001-50,000 sf Building 1000 $228 $128 $82 $57

INSTITUTIONAL10,001-50,000 sf Building 1000 $130 $73 $47 $33

Based on Varying Response TimeBased on Varying Response Time

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Pro’s and Con’s of Fire FlowPro’s and Con’s of Fire Flow

PRO’sPRO’s CON’sCON’s

•ISO Standardized Formulas, Process

•Relates Demand to Cost

•Direct Relationship to Fire Services

Nexus Related to Other Services (EMS, Prevention, etc.) Not as Direct

Nexus Related to Other Services (EMS, Prevention, etc.) Not as Direct

Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Questions & AnswersQuestions & Answers

National Impact Fee RoundtableNational Impact Fee RoundtablePublic Safety Impact Fees and

Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology October 20-22, 2004

Tindale-Oliver & Associates, Inc.Robert P. Wallace, P.E., AICP