SMART modellingDeveloping an Urban BIM

NBS Live

London4th November 2014

Tim StonorArchitect & Urban Planner

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

What is a Smart City?

How can a Smart City be planned & governed?

Where is the place for technology in the Smart City?

Part One The “Smart” context

Tim StonorIntegrated Urbanism Space Syntax © 2014

Part Two The UK Smart & Future City effort

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

The legacy of uban failure

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

How people live

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Beware fanciful ideas

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Embrace the new science of cities

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Avoid introverted architecture

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Plan at a human scale Construct an Urban BIM

Special project development guidelines

Primary routesLand use mixCommercial 30%Residential 65%Social Infrastructure 5%

FAR 4.5

Plot coverage (ground) 80 – 100%Plot coverage (upper) 50 – 75%

Building height 5 – 7

Secondary routesLand use mixCommercial 10%Residential 75%Social Infrastructure 15%

FAR 3.0

Plot coverage (ground) 70 – 80%Plot coverage (upper) 50 – 60%

Building height 4 – 5

Self organising development guidelines

Plot areaFAR60 - 99 sq m 1.0100 – 299 sq m 3.0300 – 599 sq m 4.0600+ sq m 5.0

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

data porn

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

The new art of urban data science

0

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3

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5

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7

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

y = .784x + 2.147, R-squared: .589

Spatial accessibility

Ped

estr

ian

mo

vem

ent

Spatial accessibility

-1

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

y = 1.235x + 1.048, R-squared: .702

Veh

icle

mo

vem

ent

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Sense

Map

Analyse

React

Test

…

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Sense

Map

Analyse

React

Test

…

S

M

A

R

T

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

1. Focus on space The data framework

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Space Syntax Spatial Layout Accessibility

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Courtesy of The TLRN Central London Pedestrian Study by Atkins

80% retail located on 20% most spatially accessible streets

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Trafalgar Square, London

Observe Explain

Forecast Deliver

Tim StonorIntegrated Urbanism Space Syntax © 2014

Darwin, Australia

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Disconnected Layout Spatial Accessibility Score = 35

Connected layout

Spatial Accessibility Score = 75

Disconnected Layout Connected Layout 　

Difference 　

IRR 15% 18% 3%

NPV $1.6 billion $1.1 billion $0.5 billion

Real estate value analysis 不動産価値の分析

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

2. Co-create between academia & industry

University College London Space Syntax

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

3. Focus on human outcomes

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

4. Model the impact of cities on resource flows

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

4. Model the impact of cities on resource flows

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

5. Model the impact of cities on the environment

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

1. Focus on space

2. Co-create between academia & industry

3. Focus on human outcomes

4. Model the impact of cities on resource flows

5. Model the impact of cities on the environment

Space Syntax Key lessons

Actions

Decisions

Consultations

Ideas for change

Uncertainties

People1.Behaviour2.Wealth3.Health4.Safety5.Cultural identity

Resources1.Materials2.Energy3.Finance4.Utilities supply5.Waste handling

Urban Form1.Spatial Form2.Physical Form- capacity- location- condition- value

v3

Environment1.Sun 2.Wind3.Rainfall4.Groundform5.Biodiversity

Data Mapping

Data Quantification

Map Urban Data Collective

Integrated platform for visualising performance dataHow is the place working?

Opportunities & Constraints

Creation of Conceptual Options

React Urban Strategy

Integrated urban policy and practiceWhat are the opportunities for change?

Test Urban Forecast Model

Scenario testing & performance forecastingHow will performance be affected by change?

Simulation & Optimisation of Options

Development of Preferred Option

UnderstandingsAnalyse Urban Performance Model

Integrated urban diagnostics: spatial analyticsWhy does the place work the way it does?

Urban Diagnosis

Issues, Objectives & Principles

SMART STEPSUSER INTERFACES

Decision groups

Data out

DATA INPUTS

1

2

3

4

5

6

Space Syntax © 2014

Sense

Health Wealth Happiness

Dat

a in

Behaviour change

Integrated 　Urban 　 　　Model 　　　

Tim StonorSpatial layout as critical infrastructure

IGEBC UK SeminarSpace Syntax © 2014

Spatial Accessibility

High

Low

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing空間マスタープラン　　　　　迅速なデザイン検討と評価

Tim StonorSpatial layout as critical infrastructure

IGEBC UK SeminarSpace Syntax © 2014

Spatial Accessibility

High

Low

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing空間マスタープラン　　　　　迅速なデザイン検討と評価

Tim StonorSpatial layout as critical infrastructure

IGEBC UK SeminarSpace Syntax © 2014

Spatial Accessibility

High

Low

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing空間マスタープラン　　　　　迅速なデザイン検討と評価

Tim StonorSpatial layout as critical infrastructure

IGEBC UK SeminarSpace Syntax © 2014

Spatial Accessibility

High

Low

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing空間マスタープラン　　　　　迅速なデザイン検討と評価

Tim StonorSpatial layout as critical infrastructure

IGEBC UK SeminarSpace Syntax © 2014

Spatial Accessibility

High

Low

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing空間マスタープラン　　　　　迅速なデザイン検討と評価

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

GO-Science ForesightFuture of Cities

Future Cities/Transport Catapult/Demonstrators

Professional Institutes

UK Research Councils

UKTISmart Cities

Innovate UK Cities Programme

UK Cities & Citizens

Manufacturing, Construction, Consulting & Utilities Industries

Academic Institutions

British Standards/ Open Data Institute

GO-Science ForesightFuture of Cities

Smart Cities Ministerial ForumGovernment Depts.

UK Smart & Future Cities Strategy

英国貿易投資総省

英国研究会議

学術機関

製造、建設、コンサルティング、公益事業の各業界

未来都市、交通システムカタパルトの運動

各省庁のスマートシティ部門

英国のスマートシティ戦略

イノベーティブＵＫプログラム

英国の都市・市民

ビジネス・イノベーション・技能省

未来都市フォーサイト・プロジェクト

各専門家団体・組織

英国規格協会オープンデータ協会

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

GO-Science ForesightFuture of Cities

Future Cities/Transport Catapult/Demonstrators

Professional Institutes

UK Research Councils

UKTISmart Cities

Innovate UK Cities Programme

UK Cities & Citizens

Manufacturing, Construction, Consulting & Utilities Industries

Academic Institutions

British Standards/ Open Data Institute

GO-Science ForesightFuture of Cities

Smart Cities Ministerial ForumGovernment Depts.

UK Smart & Future Cities Strategy

The Future of Cities Foresight ProjectOverview

Project aimProvide central and local

government with an evidence base to support decisions in the short term which will lead to positive outcomes for cities in the long term.

Spatial scalesUK system of cities and city

systems.

Time horizons2040, 2065.

1. In which locations, and in what numbers, are people going to live, work and take leisure?

2. What forms of movement will exist to connect people together?

3. What flows of resources will need to occur - for example with energy, water and waste – to support human behaviour patterns?

4. What technologies will exist to support these interactions?

5. What impacts will these have on the natural environment?

6. How will future places be funded?

7. How will decisions be made to address each of these questions?

The Future of Cities Foresight ProjectKey urban policy questions

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

GO-Science ForesightFuture of Cities

Future Cities/Transport Catapult/Demonstrators

Professional Institutes

UK Research Councils

UKTISmart Cities

Innovate UK Cities Programme

UK Cities & Citizens

Manufacturing, Construction, Consulting & Utilities Industries

Academic Institutions

British Standards/ Open Data Institute

GO-Science ForesightFuture of Cities

Smart Cities Ministerial ForumGovernment Depts.

UK Smart & Future Cities Strategy

Copyright © 2012 BSI. All rights

reserved.

oExisting standards mapped onto smart city model

✓ Mostly Technical: “What”

needs to be done to implement

✓ Some Process: “How” actions and steps to be taken to implement

✓ Few Strategic: “Why”planning and management

guidance

www.bsigroup.com/smartcitymapping

Mapping smart city standards

Copyright © 2012 BSI. All rights

reserved.

ISO Advisory Group on

Smart Cities ISO/TC 268Sustainable

developmentin

communities

Strategic

Process

Technical

CurrentISO work

CurrentCEN work

ISO/IEC JTC1Study

Group onSmart Cities

IECSystems

EvaluationGroup on

Smart Cities

CENCENELEC

ETSICo-

ordinationGroup onSmart &

Sustainable,Cities &

Communities

CurrentIEC work

CurrentITU work

ISO/TC 268/SC 1Smart Community

Infrastructure

ITU-T Focus Group on

Smart,Sustainable

Cities

BSI Lead

International smart city standardisation activities

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

0. Spatial Layout

1. Movement

2. Land Use

3. Crime & Safety

4. Land Value

5. Carbon Emissions

Integrated Urban Model 　　

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Darwin, Australia 　　 CBD Expansion

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Pedestrian movement Hourly average Weekday

Pedestrian movement

people per hour

800 - above500 - 800200 - 500100 - 20050 - 1000 - 50

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Darwin City: $1,525/m2

Larrakeyah: $1,230/m2

Stuart Park: $759/m2

The Gardens: $687/m2

(UCV taken from NT government data in 2011)

Building attraction Land values

5,000 to 200,0002,500 to 5,0002,000 to 2,5001,750 to 2,0001,500 to 1,7501,250 to 1,5001,000 to 1,250

750 to 1,000500 to 750250 to 500

0 to 250

Study area

Unimproved Capital Value (UCV) in $ per m2

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Building attraction Land use

Community

RetailResidentialMedicalStorageCateringOfficesEducationLeisureUnder constructionIndustryParking

Ground floor land use

ServicesHotelsVacantCivicAgricultureTransportEmpty or abandoned siteUtilitiesGreen open space

Study area

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Building attraction Building height

Study area

20 to above

6 to 93 to 521

10 to 15

Building storeys

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Transport attraction Bus routes & bus stops

Bus routes

Bus stops

Study area

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Transport attraction Parking zones & spaces

Parking space

Zone A ($2.20/hr for up to 2 hours)

Zone B ($1.60/hr for up to 3 hours)

Zone C ($1.10/hr or $6.50 full day)

15-minute zone (Free of charge)

Taxi zoneStudy area

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Building attraction Active frontages

Study area

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Spatial Layout Attraction

Spatial Accessibility

High

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Spatial Layout Attraction Masterplan design

@Tim_StonorSMART modelling Developing an Urban BIM

NBS LiveSpace Syntax © 2014

Darwin, Australia 　　 CBD Expansion