Thursday Week 1: Physical Computing

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Physical ComputingIntroduction

week 01

Thursday Week 1: Physical Computing

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

How the Computer Sees UsShall we take a better look at ourselves to see our full range of expression?

Illustration from O’Sullivan and Igoe

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Physical ComputingA conversation between the physical world and the virtual world of the computer.

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Input and Output

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Input and Output

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

TransductionThe conversion of one form of energy into another

Arduino

Illustration adapted and modified from O’Sullivan and Igoe

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Transducers

output transducersActuators (e.g., motors, buzzers)

input transducerssensors (e.g., switches, levers, sliders, etc.)

Arduino

Illustration adapted and modified from O’Sullivan and Igoe

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Microcontrollers

output transducersActuators (e.g., motors, buzzers)

input transducerssensors (e.g., switches, levers, sliders, etc.)

Arduino

Illustration adapted and modified from O’Sullivan and Igoe

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Digital and AnalogDigital = “whether or not”

(Is the cat on the mat or not?)

Analog signal = “how much”

or “stronger”

“faster”

“brighter”

(How heavy is the cat that’s on the mat?)

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Word of Caution: Your Idea is Important1.

Don’t get trapped in technological seduction

2.

Don’t spin your wheels for so long that you give up your project. There might be an alternative way that makes things easier.

Work at a high level. Talk to us. Ask other people. Take frequent breaks.

From O’Sullivan and Igoe

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Working with ArduinoAn open-source electronics prototyping

Create interactive objects and environments

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

What is ArduinoA tiny computer you can program, for rapid prototyping

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino as an Interface Board

Illustration adapted and modified from O’Sullivan and Igoe

Arduino

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino as an Interface Board

Illustration adapted and modified from O’Sullivan and Igoe

Arduino

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino as an Embedded Computing Device

Illustration adapted and modified from O’Sullivan and Igoe

Arduino

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

What is ArduinoRelatively cheap (compare with LEGO Mindstorm)

$250 ~$31

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

What is ArduinoIt used to be a bit more complicated…

image from www.tangentsoft.net/elec/breadboard.html

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Open source, so you can build one yourself!

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino Board Overview

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino Board Overview•

8 kBytes

of Flash program memory•

1 kByte

of RAM•

12 MHz (Apple II: 1 MHz)

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino Board Overview•

13 digital input/output pins

•

5 analog input pins

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino Board Overview

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino Board Overview•

USB to serial

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino Software

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino Software

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino Programming Cycle

edit

upload

run verify

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino Programming Cycle

edit

upload

run verify

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino Programming Cycle

edit

upload

run verify

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino Programming Cycle

edit

upload

run verify

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino Programming Cycle

Watch your LED blink!

edit

upload

run verify

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino ProgramProgram consists of 3 parts:

1. Declare

variables at top

2. Initialize

setup() –

run once at beginning, set pins

3. Run

loop() –

run repeatedly, after setup()

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino LanguageLike C but easier

Example functions

•

pinMode() –

set a pin as input or output•

digitalWrite() –

set a digital pin high/low

•

digitalRead() –

read a digital pin’s state•

analogRead() –

read an analog pin•

analogWrite() –

write an “analog”

PWM value

•

delay() –

wait an amount of time

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Example (and many other examples at www.arduino.cc)

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Example (and many other examples at www.arduino.cc)

Declare variables

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Example (and many other examples at www.arduino.cc)

Initialize

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Example (and many other examples at www.arduino.cc)

Run

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino and Breadboard

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Arduino and Breadboard

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Solderless

Breadboard

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Solderless

Breadboard

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Solderless

Breadboard

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Circuits: Avoid ShortcutsElectricity always favors the path of least resistance to ground

Illustration from O’Sullivan and Igoe

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Circuits: Avoid ShortcutsElectricity always favors the path of least resistance to ground

Illustration from O’Sullivan and Igoe

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

CircuitsAll the electrical energy in a circuit must be used

Illustration from O’Sullivan and Igoe

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

LED•

LED = Light-Emitting Diode

•

Needs a “current limiting”

resistor, or burns out

Illustration from Tod

Kurt’s Spooky Projects

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Circuits SummaryAvoid deadly shortcuts

•

Flows to the lowest resistance•

All the electrical energy in a circuit must be used

When in doubt, talk to us, we can help

(Your Arduino has some fail safe, but in the worst case, you could fry your board [$31.00])

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Try to be NeatColor code:

•

Red: power•

Black: ground

Be consistent

Good Bad

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Be Careful

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Homework This Week•

Get the course lab kit

•

Download & install Arduino software (www.arduino.cc)

•

Make an LED blink

•

Create your course web account

•

Post the photo of your board and an optional comment on the course website

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Homework: Blinking LED

Resistorred, red, brown, gold

LED

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Homework looks like thisLEDShorter leg groundPolarity matters

220 ohm resistorred, red, brown, goldPolarity does not matter

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Course Kit

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Next ThursdayDon’t forget to bring your lab kit in

Do use the lab hour to catch up

Create your course account

Post your homework on the course website

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Thanks!