Post on 14-Apr-2018
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2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidentialthmartin-FTTH 1
Fiber To The Home
Thomas Martin thmartin@cisco.com
Consult ing Systems Engineer
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2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidentialthmartin-FTTH 2
Motivation for Fiber to the Home
FTTH Approaches
FTTH Deployment Aspects
Conclusion
22
2
AGENDA
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Motivations ForFTTx
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FTTH Motivations/Drivers
Need for a first mileAvailability of Local Loop Unbundling
Dependency on Local Loop UnbundlingGreenfield Areas
Streamlining the Access NetworkConsolidation of Access networks
Competitive ThreatFrom cable companies & DOCSIS 3.0/Wideband DOCSIS
SPs offering FTTH services
The need for speed!
Bandwidth requirements driven by NGN applications
Video (HD is a key driver)
On demand BW services
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Bandwidth Drivers
Triple Play
Switched Video at Home
Symmetric High-speed
Connectivity
Video download than real-time streaming
Telepresence
Video High Definition!Bandwidth demands
growing
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Bandwidth Drivers
Source: IDATE
Telepresence
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FTTH The Way toProvide True High Speed Access
ADSL is reaching its limitations
The two major constraints inherent in ADSLtechnologies,asymmetry and bandwidth limitation,prevent operators from being able to supply theapplications that digital homes will bedemanding in the not too distant future.
With increased penetration download speeds beyond1.5 to 2 km drops dramatically and the minimum10Mbps for 3Play (SDTV) cannot longer be provided
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Trend for access bitrates :exponential growth
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
"High-speed connection," actual
Straight line extrapolation assuming acceleration from 2004Straight line extrapolation
Source: Heavy Reading report FTTH Worldwide Market & Technology Forecast, 2006-2011
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FTTx Access Topologies/Technologies
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FTTH Access Topologies
Tree architectures
Passive Optical Network (PON) technology Star architectures
Point-to-point connection of customers toswitches in a star topology
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Passive OpticalNetworks (PON)
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Core Network
Aggregat ion
Access
Main
Point of Presence
Internet
PSTN
ONU in
basement
Voice
Gateway
SMB and residential
10
PassiveOptical Fiber10 Mbit/s
WiFi
Video
surveillance
1:N split
Video source
(VoD / Bcast)
ONT
PCTV Set
Ethernet
RJ-11
RJ-11Ethernet
Set-top Box
Analog
Phones
RF coax
ONT in
Appartmentor off ice
ONT in homeor business
ONT
ONU
ONT
PON Architecture
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PON Physical Network Infrastructure
Drop
Cables
Distribution
Cable
Feeder
Cable
OpticalDistributionFrame (ODF)
Optical LineTerminal
(OLT)
IPAggregation
Router
Primary FiberConcentration
Point (FCP)
Central OfficeAccess Node
Serving Area
AggregationNetwork
SingleFamily
Unit
SmallBusiness
Unit
MultiDwelling
Unit
DistributionTerminal
(Splitter)
Distribution
Cable
Distribution
Cable
DistributionTerminal(Splitter)
DistributionTerminal
(Splitter)
DropCables
Multi
TenantBuilding
Drop
Cables
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2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidentialthmartin-FTTH 14
Motivations for PON deployment
Fiber saving between splitter and CO/POPrelevant in scenarios where existing cables or ducts need to be reused towardsthe splitter, or where fiber deployment is restricted (e.g., aerial cabling)
Less relevant for Greenfield scenarios(marginal cost of fiber compared to digging, splicing, ...)
Analog video overlay for existing broadcast servicesemulates cable TV distribution plant on a separate downstream wavelengthdelaying introduction of IP TV
requires equivalent of cable headend at each OLT side
Port saving in the CO/POPneed to terminate thousands of fibers on switch ports
PON can reduce this by 1...2 orders of magnitude compared to P2P
port costs on a per-customer base, however, are roughly equivalent
No deployment of active equipment in the outside plantin Europe & ME typically loops are sufficiently short so that also for P2P there isno need to put active equipment into the outside plant,unless the fiber saving argument becomes relevant
RFTV
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PON Flavors Today
Ethernet, ATM, TDMEthernetATMTransmission
131013101310Upstream (nm)
1490 and 155015501490 and 1550Downstream (nm)
Downstreamup to 2.5 Gbit/s
Upstreamup to 1.25 Gbit/s
Up to symmetric1.25 Gbit/s
Downstream up to622 Mbit/s
Upstream 155 Mbit/s
Bandwidth
ITU-T G.984IEEE 802.3ahITU-T G.983Standard
GPONEPONBPON
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PON Protocol Overview
OLT
C B A
1490 nm
C B A
C B A
C B A
CBA
1310 nm
A
C
B
ONT
ONT
ONT
A
CATV overlay
B
CATV overlay
C
CATV overlay
CATV overlay
CATV overlay
CATV overlay
CATV overlay1550 nm
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About Next-Gen PON:GPON vendors say ...
2006 2009 2010 2011+
More bandwidth.New optical components.
10G PON.
More capacity withWavelenght multiplexing.
WDM-PON (CWDM)
More capacity and bandwidth wi thOne wavelength per subscriber.
(DWDM)
GPON up andrunning.
None of this is standardized yetNone of this is standardized yet
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2006 2009 2010 2011+
More bandwidth.New optical components.
10G PON.
More capacity withWavelenght multiplexing.
WDM-PON (CWDM)
More capacity and bandwidth wi thOne wavelength per subscriber.
(DWDM)
GPON up andrunning.
ONT
ONT
ONTOLT
1x 10Gbps
Simple view of the solution
GPON Lambdas:
- 1 downstream- 1 upstreamGPON
1x 1.25Gbps
About Next-Gen PON:GPON vendors say ...
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GPON vendors say ...
2006 2009 2010 2011+
More bandwidth.New optical components.
10G PON.
More capacity withWavelenght multiplexing.
WDM-PON (CWDM)
More capacity and bandwidth wi thOne wavelength per subscriber.
(DWDM)
GPON up andrunning.
ONT
ONT
ONTOLT
GPON Lambdas:
- N downstream- 1 upstream
4x 2.5Gbps
1x 1.25Gbps
GPON
Simple view of the solution
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PON deployment Splitter spliced into plant=> LLU impossible
OLT opt.
MDF
Splitter
ONT
ONT
1 fiberper n OLTs
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PON deployment remote ODF with splitters=> Enables LLU at a cost
LLU through SP-specif ic spli tter in ODF and SP-specific feeder fiber
OLT opt.MDF
ODF
ONT
ONT
1 fiberper Service Provider
Splitters
ONT
ONT
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Main Issues with PONs Data sent to all users on the tree: inefficient Video multicast & VoD
IGMP Proxy and snooping with limited support. IGMP process distributed between OLT(Proxy) and ONT(Snooper)
instable. Zapping degrades with large number of channels selected. No state of IGMP on ONT kept. Troubleshooting
by mirroringPONT tree, no focus on one sub (trace per user) possible Asymmetrical
All FTTH deployments that we are aware of universally assume a take rate of 25...35%. Only 25-35% ofinterfaces need to be accommodated on switches in a Eth. P2P scenario rather than 100% in PON.
Strong encryption required to prevent eavesdropping
No resilience
OLT optics is single point of failure for entire tree
corrupt CPE can impact entire PON tree
J amming is very easy
just transmit continuous light and the whole tree is OOS
In case of technology change all terminations on a tree need to be replaced (simultaneously?)
Every endpoint (OLT, ONT, ...) has to operate at the aggregate bitrate
e.g., a GPON ONT delivering 100 Mbit/s to an end customer has to operate at 2.5 Gbit/s
Theoretical maximum number of customers per tree is rarely reached due to take-up rates, unless very
expensive ODFs in the field are used to optimize utilization
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2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidentialthmartin-FTTH 23
Main Issues with PONs
Data sent to all users on the tree: inefficient Video multicast & VoD
Asymmetrical
All FTTH deployments that we are aware of universally assume a take rate of 25...35%. Only 25-35% of
interfaces need to be accommodated on switches in a Eth. P2P scenario rather than 100% in PON.
Strong encryption required to prevent eavesdropping
No resilience
OLT optics is single point of failure for entire treecorrupt CPE can impact entire PON tree
J amming is very easy
just transmit continuous light and the whole tree is OOS
In case of technology change all terminations on a tree need to be replaced (simultaneously?)
Every endpoint (OLT, ONT, ...) has to operate at the aggregate bitrate
e.g., a GPON ONT delivering 100 Mbit/s to an end customer has to operate at 2.5 Gbit/s
Theoretical maximum number of customers per tree is rarely reached due to take-up rates, unless very
expensive ODFs in the field are used to optimize utilization
OLT
ONT
ONT
ONT
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PON CPE Aspects
CPEs (a.k.a. ONUs or ONTs) are an integral part of the PONarchitecture
Special functionalityMedia Access Control
Burst-mode lasers
high optical power
encryption
makes PON-CPEs inherently more expensive than native EthernetCPEs
Multi-vendor interoperability left for the future Typically deployed and owned by the Service Provider as corrupt
CPEs can impact the traffic of other customers and compromisesecurity
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Point-to-Point(P2P)or
home run fiber
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Core Network
Aggregation
Access
Point of Presence
Internet
PSTN
Access
switch inbasement
Voice
Gateway
SMB and residential
WiFi
Video
surveillance
Video source(VoD / Bcast)
NT
PCTV Set
Ethernet
RJ-11
RJ-11Ethernet
Set-top Box
Analog
Phones
ONT in
Appartmentor off ice
ONT in home
or business
NT
NT
Ethernet Star Architecture
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Ethernet Physical Network Infrastructure
Drop
Cables
Distribution
Cable
Feeder
Cable
OpticalDistributionFrame (ODF)
EthernetSwitch
IPAggregation
Router
Primary FiberConcentration
Point (FCP)
Central OfficeAccess Node
Serving Area
AggregationNetwork
SingleFamily
Unit
SmallBusiness
Unit
MultiDwelling
Unit
DistributionTerminal
(One-to-OneCable)
Distribution
Cable
Distribution
Cable
DistributionTerminal
(Eth Switch)
DistributionTerminal
(Eth Switch)
DropCables
Multi
TenantBuilding
Drop
Cables
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Ethernet Star Architecture Characteristics(a.k.a. P2P, Point-to-Point
Direct fiber access to individual subscribers(e.g. single family residences, apartments)
Access switches in CO or decentralized on customer premiseSingle mode single fibre
MTU deployments for residential, SMB, and Enterprisecustomers
Access switches in basement of MTU; last drop via UTP(Cat6/7) or fiber (SM/MM)
Very flexible and future proof solution as it provides
virtually unlimited bandwidth per customer
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Ethernet Star Architecture Characteristics(a.k.a. P2P, Point-to-Point)
Pay as you grow possibility
Fiber topology is technology neutralMigration to new technologies / higher speeds
can be done on a customer by customer basis
(enabling competition among differenttechnologies / speeds)
Higher number of fibers to CO/POP
Slightly more equipment needed in theCO/POP
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CPE Aspects
CPEs can be commodity items purchased at retailstores
No interoperability issues
No special functionality required
No Media Access Control
No Burst-mode lasers
CPEs inherently less expensive than PON CPEs
Can be deployed and owned by the customer ascorrupt CPEs can not impact the traffic of othercustomers or compromise security
just switch off the port in case of non-compliant CPE behavior
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Ethernet Point-to-Point Advantages
Dedicated Bandwidth Per User
Greenfields: Fiber topology is not tailored to- and limited by a given
technology Ethernet is a commodity
Lower port prices
Wide interoperability Allows cost-effective and still future proof hybrid deployments
Mix of Fiber To The Home and Fiber To The Curb with Copper(UTP)connection to the subscriber
Co-Existence of Business and Residential Subscribers
Residential subscribers cannot interfere with business services and
SLAs
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FTTxDeployment
Cost of Equipment and Construction
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Cost of Equipment and ConstructionDeployment models
Source: Corning and FTTH Counci l Europe
Civil Works68%
Ethernet12%
Fiber
6%
Cabinets2% Installation
3% Other Services9%
Civil Works cost is the major share ofFTTx deployment and is common to
both PON and P2P Fiber Cost is only 6% of a FTTx
network cost
Fiber lifetime varies between 15 and
25 yearsIncreased fiber cost of P2P vs. PON isonly a minor part of the overall cost ofdeployment and has to be regarded in15-25 years depreciation
SPs need to make three significant
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SPs need to make three significantinvestments for FTTH deployment
Step 2: Connect the building
~35% of capex
Step 1: Roll out in the region
~15% of capex
Step 3:
Connect thecustomer
~50% of capex
Source: Cisco IBSG
Only for step 1 there are any differences resulting fromaccess network architectures
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FTTH capex
Source: IDATE, Study for French Government, Apri l 2006
Costs for GPON and E-P2P quite closeCivil engineering represents 70% of the costs
Compared costs for GPON and E-P2P ( per Home Passed )
404 469
1,637 1,727
443 352
443 351
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Metro GPON Metro E-P2P Suburban GPON Suburban E-P2P
passive active
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FTTH Subscriber Connection
AccessSwitch
Home
Network
ResidentialGateway
FTTH
NetworkSTB
FTTx Point to Point
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FTTx Point-to-PointPhysical Subscriber Connection
1. New multi/single mode fiberSimple to deploy, Quick User Activation, Unlimited Bandwidth, Easy
upgrade to GE access
Multimode up to 500m, for in-building wiring
Singlemode-single fiber for 100Mb/s and 1000Mb/s up to 10km
Quick Installation in existing risers (no safety/interference issues)
2. UTP Copper CAT V-VIIIn New Buildings (dedicated ducts) Installation quicker and simpler than
fiber
Network Components (U-PE & CPE) have lower cost than fiber equivalent
Future Proof Media for Speeds Up to 1Gb/s
Limited to 90m of distance (100m including patching)
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Customer Premises Equipment
Gaming TV Service Voice and Fax Service Internet Service
ResidentialGateway
FTTH
Network
STB
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Customer Premise Equipment
SPs regard the CPE as demarcation point for theservice and termination of the FTTH line
2 types of CPE approaches, depending on the serviceoffering
ONT (Optical Network Termination)
Terminates incoming fiber and converts 100BaseFX/BX/LX10 to100BaseT
Customer connection via UTP
HAG (Home Access Gateway)
Combined ONT and Service termination
Mostly Voice/Data combinations
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Home Access Gateway Architecture
VoiceAdaptor
(H.323, MGCP, SIP)
Voice
Adaptor(H.323, MGCP, SIP)
FXSFXS FXSFXS
Analogue PhonesUSER DEVICES Video STB
Ethernet
10/100BaseTXSwitch
Ethernet
10/100BaseTXSwitch
UPLINK10/100BaseT100BaseXX
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CPE
E-ONT: Scientific Atlanta Prisma Series
100BaseBX10 to 100BaseTX
Optional RF Video Overlay
HAG: Deployments with Partner CPE
HAG Partner:
Tilgin (former i3micro) www.tilgin.com
Telsey www.telsey.it
Genexis www.genexis.nl
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Core
Distribution
Access
Customer Premise
Core
Switch
Main POP
STB
Aggregat ion
POP
GE
InternetPSTN
Voice Gateway
SS7 InterconnectSS7 Interconnect
Video Servers
Set-Top Box
CPE
Residential Access
Business AccessGE
Distribution
Switch
Access
Switch
FTTH Deployment Example
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Core Network
Aggregat ion
Access
Internet
PSTN
Voice
Gateway
Video Source
(VoD / Bcast)
Centralized POP Approach
HAG
HAG
HAG
HAG
HAG
HAG
HAGHAG
U-PE
N-PE
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Centralized POP Approach
4510 with up to 384 ports
n x GE or 10GE uplinks
3 x 4510 per 42RU Rack
1182 Subscriber per Rack
Pay as you grow
Modular line-card with SFP
Add (pay for) transceiver onlywhen a subscriber is connected
100Mb/s per Subscriber
Centralized Equipment
1 point for AC and UPS
Central cable management andtroubleshooting
HAG HAGHAG HAG HAG HAG
Cisco 4510
100BaseBX10
Core Network
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Centralized Access Pop
ODF relative position to Cisco 4510R Cisco 4510R in a rack ODF
Known POP sizes vary from 2 000 to 20 000 connected customersCitynet in Amsterdam has designed POP with 10 000 & 12 000 fibres
New French Deployment (2M ports) with more than 10000 fibers per Pop
Loop lengths deployed:In average 3.5 km, maximum 5 km
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Novel mechanical solution
ODF for 2304 fiber terminations Rack for 1502 active fiber
interfaces 50% take rate up to 100% take rate
achievable with secondswitch rack
Source: Huber & Suhner
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Core Network/P
Aggregation
Access
PE-AGG
Internet
PSTN
Voice
Gateway
Video source(VoD / Bcast)
Distributed Access
HAG
HAG
HAGHAGHAGHAGHAG
HAGHAGHAG
HAGHAG
N-PE
U-PE
Multi Tenant Building Solution
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gDecentralized Access
Access Switch located inBasement/Utility Area
UTP in-house cabling up to90m distance
Cost effective Deployment
U-PE operates in L2 Modeand can provides access forBusiness services Layer2 &Layer3 VPN services as wellas for Layer3 3Play services
GE (L2) link(s) to the PE-AGG
ResidentialResidential MTU AccessMTU Access
To the
DP/POP
U-PE
HAG
Multi Tenant UnitSwitch Cabinet Solution
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Switch Cabinet Solution
Compact Form Factor allows forwall mountingPower Distribution Panel withoptional UPS (UninterruptiblePower Supply)
Fiber Tray for incoming fiberUTP Patch Panels for in-housecablingSwitches tilt-mounted to optimizedepthEnclosure chassis act as heat-sinkVandalism proof
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FTTx Conclusion
Wh t h b d l d f ?
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What has been deployed so far?
In the US some of the incumbents are currently deployingGPON
Utilization of existing Infrastructure: Re-use of existing duct and
outside cabinet structureVideo overlay
In J apan NTT and KDDI are deploying EPON
Aerial deployment in many regions does not allow large fibercounts
Regulatory situation enforced lowest common denominator
Virtually anywhere else
Deployment of Point-to-Point/Star Ethernet
Only very little traction for PONs
C l i
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Conclusion
Fiber deployment to residences is a largeinvestment into the future
Every deployment scheme for FTTxnetworks has its own merits
Every deployment scheme for FTTx networksh it it
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has its own merits
PONs can optimize deployment cost in the veryshort term, but do not represent a very future-proof investment.
Ideal for existing FTTC (Fiber To The Curb)topologies
Residential services in areas with FTTC deploymentsService offerings with low SLA (Service LevelAgreements)
Every deployment scheme for FTTx networksh it it
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has its own merits
Ethernet Point-to-Point architectures representthe most future-proof solution which canprovide virtually unlimited bitrates tosubscribers.
Optimal choice for Greenfield deployments
Individual subscribers can be migrated to morepowerful technologies as needed without impactingthe service to other subscribers
Ideal to support mixed service offeringsConcurrent support for residential and businessservices utilizing the same infrastructure
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In terms of equipment, both PON and P2P solutionshave their merits, In terms of network topology, P2Parchitectures have significant advantages. They aremore flexible and scalable, and therefore haveeconomic lifetimes in excess of 20 years.
Gartner Group
Choose the Right Topology for Your Fiber-to-the-Home Network
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