Post on 30-Mar-2015
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
Ok-Bae Hyun/KEPCO
IEA HTS Programme ExCo meeting20-21 May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
Recent Progress for HTS Power Technology R&D in Korea- HTS wire, Cable, and FCL -
Think Green, Triple Sales
High performance CC20 m – Ic : 1 kA/cm tar-getedEDDC
Production tech. 1 km – Ic : 500 A/cm tar-getedR2R RCE
SUNAM
High Throughput Process
Commercialization of CC~ 600 m/h @ 2 km-L, 4mm-w
R&D status of HTS CC
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
Fabrication processes for each layer
LayerTypical
Thickness
R&D (KERI/SuNAM) Pilot line (SuNAM)
Process Speed Process Speed
Cu ~ 20 μmElectro-plating 240 m/h
Electro-plat-ing
300 ~ 600 m/h
Ag 2~ 3 μm Sputt. 10 m/h Sputt. 360 m/h
SmBCO(GdBCO) ~ 2 μm EDDC 100 m/h R2R RCE 600 m/h
LMO ~ 20 μm PLD 50 m/h Sputt.
360 m/hEpi-MgO ~ 50 nm Evap. 70 m/h Evap.
Textured-MgO ~ 10 nm IBAD 600 m/h IBAD
Y2O3 ~ 7 nmEvap.
500 m/hEvap. 600 m/h
Al2O3 ~ 50 nm 200 m/h
Hastelloy ~ 70 μmElectro-polishing 90 m/h
Electro-pol-ishing 720 m/hEDDC : Evaporation using Drum in Dual Chamber (Batch type RCE)
Evap. : Evaporation with e-beam.Production speed is 4 mm wide equivalent
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
100m
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 951000
510
1520
2530
3540
4550
5560
6570
7580
8590
95100
05
1015
2025
3035
4045
5055
6065
7075
8085
9095
100
Ba
Cu
Ba Sm
35
45
40
6550 55 6010
30
20
15
25
3030
45
Compositional ratio.
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
SmBCO(005)
FWHM : 0.88o
Inte
nsi
ty
Omega scan
DS076-B079-L33-(005)
Fabrication of 100 m long- SmBCO CC by IBAD-EDDC (KERI)
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
Inte
nsi
ty
Phi scan
DS076-B079-L33-(102)
FWHM(102) : 4.01o
100 m
Differentialpumping
Buffered Substrate
O2
Halogen heater
~15 mTorrSmBCO
~10-5 TorrCryoPump
TMPTMP
Sm (SG) Ba (LG) Cu (LG)
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Cri
tic
al
cu
rre
nt
(A/c
m-w
)
Position (m)
2008 2009 2009
2008 CC : High Ic was obtained but many critical defects were existed.
2009 CC : Ic was enhanced and the number of critical defects was reduced. Ic was decreased but its uniformity was improved in 60 m long section.
2008 2009
Short tape
513 A/cm-w @ 0.7 m
638 A/cm-w @0.9 m
Long tape
325 A/cm-w @20 m
187 A/cm-w @68 m
Ic x L 6,500 Am 12,716 Am
0 50 100 150 200 250 3000.0
3.0x10-5
6.0x10-5
9.0x10-5
1.2x10-4
1.5x10-4
1.8x10-4
Current (A)
Vo
ltag
e (
V)
SmBCO CC -DS116Ic = 255A(637.5A/cm-w.)
Jc = 2.12MA/cm2
Length : 91 cm
@ 77K, S.F., 1uV/cm Criterion
Highest Critical Current of SmBCO CC at KERI
Ic properties of EDDC – SmBCCO CCs
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
Jc-B-Θ property of EDDC - SmBCO CCs
Normalized magnetic field(H//c) dependence of critical current density( Jc)
0 2 4 6 81E-3
0.01
0.1
1
Jc/J
c_m
ax
Magnetic Field (T)
KERI-EDDC-SmBCO-77K KERI-EDDC-SmBCO-65K KERI-EDDC-SmBCO-50K KERI-EDDC-SmBCO-30K KERI-EDDC-SmBCO-10K KERI-EDDC-SmBCO-4.2K Commercial YBCO-40K Commercial YBCO-50K Commercial YBCO-65K Commercial YBCO-77K
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2200.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
Ic/Ic
_max
Position(degree)
KERI_EDDC_SmBCO_1T KERI_EDDC_SmBCO_3T Commercial_YBCO_1T Commercial_YBCO_3T
Jc-B property of EDDC-SmBCO was found to be superior compared with commercial YBCO
EDDC-SmBCO without any doping shows c-axis flux pinning effect but its relationship with microstructure is not clear.
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
PI DACVref
(Critical voltage crite-rion)
Current for P/S to HTS conductor
K*V1/n
+
V:measure voltage
P/S current reference critical current
(Linearization of the control voltage)
Current lead
-HTS conductor
Motor & tension control
Voltage tap
Current tap
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 1200000
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Mag
netic
fiel
d (g
auss
)
Position (mm)
DS151
0 20 40 60 80 1000
20
40
60
80
100
Cri
tica
l cu
rre
nt(
A)
Length(m)0 40 80 120
0
20
40
60
80
100
Citi
cal c
urr
en
t (A
/cm
-w.)
Citi
cal c
urr
en
t (A
)
Length (m)
DS151
0
50
100
150
200
250
Continuous High Speed Transport Ic Measurement (HSTM) system
Conventional R2R Transport Mes. Conventional R2R hall sensor Mes.
Current control to keep the measured voltage as critical voltage criterionReel to reel system & DSP control / High speed Ic meas. > 400 m/h
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
Applied magnetic field
CC tape
Super current flow
Cross sectional viewX
Z
YI+ I-
Define A= line integration of magnetic field of left loop B= line integration of magnetic field of right loop
IIIBABdl )(11
00 Using Ampere law
New non-contact type Ic measurement system
From the scanning magnetic field, Ic= 78.2 AFrom the conventional 4 probe method Ic= 84 A
The deviation is caused by the noise of data
-10 -5 0 5 10-100
-50
0
50
100
150
Magnetic fi
eld
(gauss)
Position(mm)
Bx
I+ I-
Noise
Gap(between hall sensor and superconducting layer)dependency of Ic is smaller for new system
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Ca
lcu
late
d c
ritic
al c
urr
en
t (A
)
Distance h (mm)
Old New
Calibration point
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
In-plane texture of buffer layers
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000 M4
MgO(220)
FWHM=3.82O
Inte
nsi
ty
Phi scan
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000 M4
LMO(110)
FWHM=4.73O
Inte
nsi
ty
Phi scan
Multi-turn IBAD system with max. spool size ~ 2 km. Df of MgO (220) in production : 7 ~ 8 o .
IBAD-MgO
Homo-epi MgO
Properties of IBAD template (SuNAM) SUNAM
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
computer
Feedback program
E-gun (30 KW)
29 Multi-turn R2R
QCM
Metal tape
Y, Sm Cu Ba
Use of inexpensive metal source. High rate deposition ( > 10 nm/sec) Process speed : < ~ 600 m/hr. Optimization underway.
Heater
Source for metal evaporation : 30 kw pierce e-gunSubstrate transportation : Multi-turn R2R system, more than 20 turns
R2R – RCE system by SuNAM SUNAM
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
10
20
30
40
50
60
R200-R-A(hall)
Ma
gn
etic
Fie
ld(G
)
Position(m)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
R200-R-A(Ic)
Min. Ic : 265 A/cm-wL : 120 m
0 50 100 150 2000
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
GdBCO/IBAD-MgO CC4mmw. x 200m L.C
ritic
al C
urr
ent (A
/cm
-w.)
Length(m)
Min Ic : 220 A/cm-wAve Ic : 298 A/cm-wMax Ic : 340 A/cm-w
Measured by HSTMV-V distance : 60 cm
10 20 30 40 50 60
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Gd
2O
3
Gd
2O
3
(003)
(006)
Inte
ns
ity
(c
ps
)
2 (deg.)
R200-E R200-E-twist
(001)
(002)
(004)
(00
5)
(00
7)
GdBCO Surfaceafter annealing
Ic properties of GdBCCO CCs by R2R-RCE SUNAM
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
High Critical Current GdBCO CCs by R2R-RCE
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0.0
2.0x10-6
4.0x10-6
6.0x10-6
8.0x10-6
1.0x10-5 R203-7M-12mm : Ic_510A/cm-w.
Vo
ltag
e (
V)
Current (A)
14 16 18 20 22 24
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
GdBCO(005)
FWHM=1.99O
Inte
nsi
ty
Omega scan
7M
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Inte
nsi
ty
Phi scan
7M
GdBCO(103)
FWHM=3.72O
SUNAM
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
Ic of 637 A/cm was achieved for 3 μm-thick EDDC-SmBCO CC. But, critical defects due to de-lamination were observed for long CC tapes.
High performance Ic measurement systems were developed. New hall sensor measurement system using Ampere law High speed transport measurement (HSTM)system
R2R Pilot line for the production of CC was installed in SuNAM Co. De-lamination problem was resolved for R2R-RCE CCs R2R-RCE process for high & uniform Ic of GdBCO CCs was established
Min. Ic of 220 A/cm-w at 77 K for 200 m-long CC Highest Ic of 510 A/cm-w at 77 K for short sample
REBCO CCs by EDC and R2R-RCE
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
Development of HTS Ca-ble
22.9kV 50MVA154kV 1GVAAccessory
** DAPAS : Development of Advanced Power system by Applied Superconductivity tech.)
22.9kV
22.9kV 50MVA - Location : KEPCO’s I-cheon Substation - Development : 2008 ~ 2011 - Length : 500m - Accessory : 2 Termination, 1 Joint, Cooling system - Equal to 5 circuit of Cu cable
154kV
154kV 1GVA - Type test, 2010 (Gochang Power Testing Center)- PQ test, 2011- Real grid application : 2012 ~- Equal to 6-8 circuit of Cu cable
HTS Cable of LS Cable
DAPAS Project in Korea - Project period : 2001~2011 - Total budget : $146million (Gov. : $100million / Industry : $46million) - Participant : LS Cable, KEPCO, KERI
HTS Cable by LS Cable
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
Milestone
2004 2005 2006 20072003200220011st Phase 2nd Phase
FundamentalDesign
SingleCore 30m
50MVA/30m3-Core
50MVA/100m3-Core
Fab.Evaluation.
1,000MVA
2008 2009 20103rd Phase
Evaluation
Type test
22.9kV 50MVA, 500mReal-grid application(I-cheon Substation)
DAPAS(MEST)
Year
154kV
22.9kV
1ST PROTO TYPE
NEWProject(MKE) Application
TypeTest
PQTest
22.9kV HTS Cable has been developed and new project deploying on Real-Grid started . 154kV 1GW HTS power cable is under development till 2010. (Type Test) / 2011 (PQ Test)
HTS Cable by LS Cable - milestone
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
Cooling System Termination 3-Core HTS Cable
HTS cable application – 22.9 kV, 500 m
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
22.9kV, 50MVA, 500m HTS Cable layout (Ichon SS)
Splicing
Termination
HTS cable (Under-ground part)
Cryogenic system154/22.9kV M.TR (#5)
DSCB
HTS Cable 500m
50MVA HTS cable
HTS cable circuit
HTS cable operation by KEPCO
22.9kV, 50MVA, Real Grid ProjectRoute length : 500m Location : KEPCO’s I-cheon substation Installation & Commissioning : 2010Operation : 2011 ~
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
154kV 1GVA
- Type test, 2010 (Gochang Power Testing Center)
- PQ test, 2011
- Real grid application : 2012 ~
- Equal to 6-8 circuit of Cu cable
- World best power transmission performance acquisition (1GVA)
A 154kV 1GVA HTS termination was designed, manufactured, and successfully tested in accor-dance with IEC 60141-1
Extra DC voltage test was performed successfully
154 kV HTS cable
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
Test Item Test Requirement Result
AC Voltage test with LN2 Level
Level 1 (General Point)-Interface at Upper of Spacer
AC225kV/15min Pass
Imp.±750kV/10times
Pass
Imp.±800kV/3times
Pass
Imp.±850kV/3times
Pass
Imp.±900kV/3times
Pass
AC225kV/15min Pass
Level 2 (Weak Point)-Interface at Middle of Spacer
AC225kV/15min Pass
Imp.±750kV/10times
Pass
AC225kV/15min Pass
DC Voltage testLevel 1 (General Point)
DC 220kV/10min
Pass
DC300kV/10min Pass
Withstand Voltage Test (14 kV Termination)
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
HTS
Reactor
S/WHTS
Reactor/Limiter
VI
SB
DC
HTS
Power fuse
Reactor/Limiter
VI
SB
DC
HTS
SuperconductorHTS + SWHybrid (1/2 Hz limiting)Hybrid (1/2 Hz non-limiting)PCL Hybrid
• Possibly useful at medium voltages
Hybrid SFCL - evolution
Peak current limitation
?
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
14kV/12.5kArms, 1 phase fault test
• step 1 : fast fault detection• step 2 : triggering mechanical fast switch immediately through the controller, by a capacitor bank energy• step 3 : initiating to open and generate arcing of the contact at the same time• step 4: interruption of main circuit when current become zero• step 5 : commuted to parallel current limiting resistor
Fast switch enabling a FCL
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
Concept of the PC-FCL
Peak control(mode-1) Type 2(mode-2) Mode 1+2
Double line commutations 2 stage current limita-tion
S1 to limit the fault current for the first ½ cycle upon fault
S2 to limit the fault current after the first ½ cy-cle
Reducing the voltage stress of the S1 switch through a parallel resistor
FCL – Peak current limiting type
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
Real circuit for the PC-FCL Simulated wave
Use one or multiple module of an IGBT and a resistor in parallel
Peak current controlled FCL by semiconductor SWs
Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden
CT
Rogowski coil
Fast fault detector
controller
Driver (S1) Solid state module
(S2) Mechanical fast switch
CLR
PCR
14kV/12.5kArms, 1 phase fault test
Peak current controlled FCL