Thenar flap ppt.

Post on 02-Nov-2014

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By Dr. Diyar A. Salih, a plastic surgery board trainee. Kurdistan, Sulaimani.It is a powerpoint presentation about reconstruction of finger tip injuries, using thenar flap. It includes definition of the flap, indications, relative contraindications, different designs, marking, operative technique, and complications. I hope you can get benefit from my work.

Transcript of Thenar flap ppt.

Thenar flapDr. Diyar A. Salih

Plastic Surgery ResidentFeb 17th, 2013

Kurdistan, Sulaimani

The thenar flap is composed of the palmar glabrous skin and its underlying subcutaneous tissue that is a used for resurfacing fingertip soft tissue defects.

Definition

Flap undersurface

Recipient defect

Indications

1. Volar pulp injuries (length preservation)2. Most applicable to index and middle finger3. Ring and little finger: less often indicated

and difficult technically in the small finger.4. Major distal phalangeal amputations.5. Amputations of any orientation on the

index, long, or ring fingers.

Relative contraindications

• Preexisting arthritis• Joint injury• Dupuytren contracture

Age is no contraindication (1)

Age

• Age is not a contraindication• Equal success 1-76 years • A review of 150 thenar flaps involving all age 

groups revealed not one incident of joint restriction or other serious complication

Design1. Proximally base:

venous return high on the thenar eminence MCP skin crease Flap width: 

a. equal the diameter: simple closure; flat appearance. 

b. 1.5 times the diameter: restore the roundness.

2. Distally based

3. H-shaped:  modifications most commonly used proximal flap cover the defect distal flap undermined in second stage and cover 

donor defect to eliminate skin graft over thenar eminence.

Volar pulp Exposed bone

Case example

Flap designed on the radial aspect of the thenar eminence 1. Reduce PIP joint flexion2. Place the scar outside the palm

Marking

Lateral border designed at thethumb MCP joint crease ( protect NVB and flexor pollicis longus)

Donor site closed primarily or skin grafted 

If flap designed centrally on the thenar eminence: causes painful scar in power gripping

Modification

Add fishtail dart if extended to the adductor space distally to prevent contracture. 

Prepping

Recipient area preparation

Elevation

Skin and subcutaneous tissue

Inset

Tension-free closure

Hand positioning

1. MCP joint (of the recipient finger) fully flexed in a protective position

2. Minimizing PIP joint flexion. 3. DI joint flexion, further improves the 

position of immobilization4. Thumb full palmar abduction or 

opposition

Dressing

Advantages

Recipient1. Less conspicuous donor scar2. Avoiding a donor deficit (2)

Recipient:1. Thicker and more durable than skin graft or cross-finger 

flap2. Better color and texture match3. Highly functional, durable, glabrous skin.4. Better subjective and objective sensory recovery and 

cosmesis than did skin graft.5. Transferring thicker palmar skin (2)

Disadvantages and complications

• Limited amount of donor skin• Donor site scars: painful, tender, and sensitive 

(reduced by donor site proper selection) that limiting function of the hand.

• Donor site skin grafting: tender and sensitive that limiting function of the hand.

• Two-stage procedure• Finger immobilization in flexion• Potential PIP joint stiffness and contracture: 

Higher in older patients (above 30 years), joint diseases, men with thick, heavy hands, due to prolonged IP joint flexion

• Sensory results: good in younger patient and better than with the cross-finger flap.

• Flap ischemia and necrosis• However, in reported series of thenar flap, 

patients did well with relatively fewer complications.

based on:Superficial palmar branch of radial arteryPalmar cutaneous branch of median nerve.Improved sensory recovery is raised.

Free thenar flap

Flap inset• After 10 to 14 days (1)• The base inset• Minimum surgical manipulation to maintain flap 

viability• Active exercises to remobilize the hand

Thanks