Post on 26-Feb-2016
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The Wilmot Proviso1846, Rep (PA) David Wilmot attached amendment
to military spending billThe amendment had nothing to do with military spending, Is that
okay?Amendment proposed to prohibit slavery in all
territories ceded by MexicoWhich territories are we speaking about?North’s reaction? South reaction?
Why did it pass in House? Why not in Senate? Pair-Share
Sen. Lewis Cass (MI) proposes compromise-Popular Sovereignty; Pros and cons of Popular Sovereignty?
Congress fails to pass, so becomes issue in 1848 Election
The Election of 1848The Candidates
Whig Zachary TaylorFree-Soiler Martin Van BurenDemocrat Lewis Cass
The candidates did not want to take an affirmative stance on slavery issueWhy?How is slavery issue similar to abortion issue today?
Whigs win and Free-Soilers lose badly as they fail to carry any Electoral Votes
The Election of 1848
The Gold Rush of 1849Gold discovered in CA in 1848Inspirational Devotional reading on Gold RushPeople from all over world descend upon CA
Population swells, San Francisco grows into sin city
Discrimination and racismTaylor has free-soil agenda and wants CA and
other territories to apply for statehood ASAPCA against slavery (not morally, but
competition)CA applies for statehood as free stateSouth upset-WHY?
The Compromise of 18505 Major SECTIONALIST Issues that Divide North &
South1. California, free or slave?2. Texas (slave state) border dispute with NM
(undecided); why important?3. North wants abolition in Washington, D.C. WHY?4. South wants North to enforce Fugitive Slave Act of
17935. Utah and New Mexico territories to become free or
slave?Compromise of 1850
Proposed by Henry Clay to prevent the South from seceding from the Union; he wanted to preserve the Union
“Great Compromiser”; saved the Union 3 timesSEE HANDOUT ACTIVITY-COMPROMISE OF 1850
The Compromise of 1850
Zachary Taylor & Millard FillmoreTaylor from South & owned slaves, but only
moderate stance as to slavery; supported CA as free state
dies suspiciously 1st year of 1st termREADING FROM PRESIDENTS BOOKWho would want Taylor dead? Why? Political
motives?His VP Millard Fillmore take overFillmore pushes Compromise through with help of
“Little Giant” Stephen A. Douglas of ILDouglass proposed each provision individually
instead of as a package; explain why this was successful.
The Fugitive Slave ActMost controversial part of Compromise of 1850Webster caught hell back in MA for his support of
Comp.Where did runaways have to flee to escape law’s
reach? Why?Federal Commissioner (Duties and Conflict of Interest)Due Process?
Could not testify, no counsel, no public trial-WHY IMPORT?
Affidavit of owner-OPEN TO CORRUPTION? WHY? HOW?Northern states respond with Personal Liberty Laws
Right to counsel & public trial; draw out proceedingsWhat about federalism and the Supremacy Clause?
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1852 (later a play)
Fanned the fires of sectionalism by rallying Northern abolitionists; portrayed slaves as “people” not property
No firsthand knowledge of slavery; relied accounts of her abolitionist friends
Bestselling novel of the 19th Century; melodramatic
South called it an unfair characterization and slanderous
Slave owners depicted as both good and evil
Connection to Beloved and the Margaret Garner story
Stephen A. Douglas (“The Little Giant”) Dem. Sen. from IL; got Comp. of 1850 thru CongressThe “Little Giant”2 Main Political Goals
Expansion (supported War with Mexico; Lincoln did not)
Popular Sovereignty on slavery issueDems slight him in favor of Franklin Pierce who
beats Whig “Old Fuss and Feathers” Winfield Scott in 1852
Wanted R.R. from Chicago to San Fran (his real estate)He needs to promote settlement of Nebraska TerritoryWhat about the Gadsden Purchase?
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854Pierce very weak and sectionalism tearing nation
apartHow does a weak leader make this situation worse?Would Jackson have done a better job? Leadership styles?
Provisions of Douglas’ billSpilt Neb. Terr. In 2 (Neb. & Kan)Popular Sovereignty to both on slavery issueWhat did Douglas think final result would be?How will it make matters worse?
Pierce signs it; Violate the Missouri Compromise? How?
South’s reaction? North’s reaction? THINK-PAIR-SHARE
Country is dangerously close to Civil War
Sketch map into your notes
The WhigsSlavery splits the party in two
Southern WhigsNo support for Winfield Scott in 1852Backed the Compromise of 1850 because it
allowed them to be both pro-slavery and pro-union; EXPLAIN!
Northern WhigsSupport for Winfield Scott in 1852Strongly opposed to the Fugitive Slave Act, so
also opposed to the Compromise of 1850South lack of support-Scott loses to
Pierce in 1852Sectionalism eventually destroys the
party, and its members join other parties
The DemocratsWhat were they called before 1840?Strong support for state rights and limit
federal powerJefferson, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, and PolkNational party, but dominated by SOUTH-
WHY?Dem. James Buchanan wins in 1856 b/c nat’l
supportNortherner but support came from the South (many
friends)What does it mean to be a national candidate?
The Free-SoilersOpposed extension of slavery into the territories, but not necessarily abolitionWhat is the difference? Why is the difference important?-Think-Pair-Share
Concerned mainly with labor issues; did not want the spread of the slavery into the North because it would take away jobsHOW?
The Know-NothingsA.K.A. the “American Party”-story of nameWhy the response? Why membership not ever
grow large?NATIVISM-main platformMiddle-class Protestants who feared the “hordes”
of Catholic immigrants (like the Irish) coming to USFear of Pope gaining eventual control of U.S. government
Immigrants backed DemocratsParty splits in 1856
Northern back Rep. John C. FremontSouthern back Millard Fillmore
The Republicans1854-N. Whigs, anti-slavery Dems and Free-
SoilersWhy were called the “Big Tent Party”?
Platform-stop spread of slavery (e.g., Kan-Neb Act)Why? Would an abolitionist join the party?
Full spectrum-from radical to conservativePros and cons of having this wide range of support?
Main competition was Know-NothingsSupport after “Bleeding Kansas” and “Bleeding
Sumner”Supported John C. Fremont in the 1856 election
Pathfinder and Mexican War hero
The Election of 1856Dem strategy- “northern man with southern
principles” Buchanan (true nat’l candidate) crushes
FremontWhat would have happened if Fremont won?
Why? When did it eventually happen?3 Lessons learned from the election
Dems could win with a nat’l candidate Know-Nothings in decline b/c slaveryRepublicans were a growing force in the North
Bleeding KansasKan-Neb Act of 1854 gives Kansas pop. sov. on slaveryFree-soilers and slave supporters wanted Kan.-WHY?1854 Election-MO Border Ruffians corrupt the votePro-slavery gov’t wins and set up capital at LecomptonFree-soilers don’t recognize it; set up capital at Topeka
Dangers of two capitals?Pro-slavery and anti-slavery towns and settlementsSack of Lawrence
Pro-slavery town grand jury indictment of entire Lawrence
Pro-slavery posse and destruction; Why destroy presses?
John Brown & Pottawatomie MassacreJohn Brown-abolitionist, God told him end slavery
Firm believer in racial equalityRumor that 5 abolitionists killed at Lawrence;
revengeNight raid of pro-slavery town Pottawatomie
Creek5 men-hands cut off, hacked to death w/ broad
swordTerrorist or hero? THINK-PAIR-SHARE
Act triggers acts of violence across Kansas- “bleeding”200 deaths result
Violence on the Senate FloorHeated debates in Senate over events in Kansas &
slaverySen. Charles Sumner (MA) multiple speeches, and
in one personally attacks Sen. Andrew Butler (SC)-not cool!
Rep. Preston Brooks (SC) seeks out Sumner to maintain family and South’s honor
Brooks canes Sumner over head repeatedly; breaks cane
Rep. Laurence M. Keitt (SC) blocks way with pistolSumner suffers head injury & PTS disorder (3 years)How did the South view this incident?How did the North view this incident?
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)Facts of the case and Dred Scott’s (slave) claim
Visits Wisconsin Territory(free)-north of MO CompromiseReturns to MO (slave state); master dies; lawsuit
Issue: Congress outlaw slavery in territories?Holding: Scott loses, stays a slave
CJ Taney wrote decision (slave owner, but did not like it)
Blacks not citizens, so Scott did not have standing to sue
Home state laws apply-MO is slave, so Scott stays oneResidence in free territory did not matter because MO Comp. unconst. (Congress cannot outlaw slavery in terr.)
5th Amendment Due Process Clause argument
The Lecompton Constitution
Pro-slavery gov’t at Lecompton draft state const. for KS
Most of state pop. are Free-Soilers; They vote down the constitution
Pres. Buchanan recognizes the const.-WHY?Why does Stephen Douglas publically disagree with fellow Democrat Buchanan? Is this political suicide?
1857, voters in KS vote const. once again, yet the pro-slavery gov’t is recognized by the federal gov’t
Honest Abe LincolnBorn in KY, 1809; successful lawyer1846, Whig elected to Congress (1 term)Becomes Republican in 1855 after Kan-Neb ActFelt slavery wrong, but compassionate to slave
ownerWhite supremacist view like 99% of populationColony policy up through his 1st term as
president“A house divided against itself cannot stand.”Wanted to stop spread of slavery b/c felt that
would stifle westward expansion and “American Dream”
Lincoln-Douglas Debates1858 IL Senate Race7 Debates2 distinct personages Neither wanted
slavery in territories and neither wanted it abolished
Both point the fingerFreeport Doctrine
Lincoln’s questionDouglas’ replyDouglas kills his
chance in 1860 as Dem national candidate
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s FerryFederal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA (present-
day WV)John Brown leads band and take arsenalPlan-distribute weapons to slaves and start
rebellion that would spread throughout the SouthNo slaves showed up, but Lee and the Marines
didMurder, treason, slave rebellion-hangedThoreau and Emerson (“Courage”)At first Northerners condemned his acts, but
eventually started to be seen as a Christian hero, martyr
Election of 1860Douglas could have been the perfect candidate,
but…Republicans-Chicago Convention nominate Lincoln
Lincoln’s moderate views won him the daySouth did not believe in these promises; famous quoteLincoln wins-carries North but not one Southern stateCarries North and wins election-WHY?
Southern Democrats-John Breckinridge (wins South)Constitutional Union-John Bell (VA, TN, KY)North. Democrats-Stephen Douglas (MO, part of NJ)Lincoln wins and did not carry majority of popular
vote-Does that matter? Should it matter? PAIR-SHARE
The Secession CrisisDec. 20, 1860-SC secedes from Union (days after
Lincoln announced winner of 1860 Election)Buchanan a “lame duck” and he’s no Andy Jackson!6 other states follow suitFebruary 4, 1861 create Confederate States of
AmericaConstitution
Each state “sovereign and independent”-Familiar? Problems?
Jefferson Davis (former MS Senator) 1st presidentWhat did the South fear in Lincoln and the
Republicans?7 Southern states seceded leaving 8 slave states in
the Union and Lincoln has yet to be sworn in