The War of 1812The War of 1812Part IPart I

Mr. CalellaMr. Calella

American Studies I/USI(H)American Studies I/USI(H)

Review Review

British BlockadeBritish Blockade American Re-Export TradeAmerican Re-Export Trade British Impressment of American British Impressment of American

sailorssailorsThe Embargo Act of 1807The Embargo Act of 1807

British Impressment of U.S. SailorsBritish Impressment of U.S. Sailors

President James MadisonPresident James Madison

Dem-Rep; Secretary of State under Dem-Rep; Secretary of State under JeffersonJefferson

Wins the Election of 1808Wins the Election of 1808What is happening to the What is happening to the

Federalist party? Why?Federalist party? Why? Same political philosophy as Same political philosophy as

Jefferson, but sticks to his gunsJefferson, but sticks to his guns

President James MadisonPresident James Madison

Embargo Act of 1807Embargo Act of 1807

1810, Embargo Act repealed1810, Embargo Act repealedTrade booms with EnglandTrade booms with EnglandNot France, why?Not France, why?

Napoleon says he will revoke Napoleon says he will revoke Berlin DecreeBerlin Decree

He tricks Madison, who then sets He tricks Madison, who then sets embargo against England againembargo against England again

Embargo Act of 1807Embargo Act of 1807

Embargo Act (cont.)Embargo Act (cont.)

Britain refuses to revoke Orders of Britain refuses to revoke Orders of Council unless it can be shown that Council unless it can be shown that Berlin Decree dissolvedBerlin Decree dissolved

Madison could not admit Napoleon Madison could not admit Napoleon tricked him and could not switch tricked him and could not switch U.S. policy againU.S. policy again

Madison would be forced into war Madison would be forced into war unless Britain repealed Orders of unless Britain repealed Orders of CouncilCouncil

Indian Resistance to Westward Indian Resistance to Westward ExpansionExpansion

British in Canada encouraging British in Canada encouraging Indian attacks on American western Indian attacks on American western farmers-misconceptionfarmers-misconception

What is real reason?What is real reason? Gen. William Henry Harrison-pushes Gen. William Henry Harrison-pushes

west to make room for west to make room for ““the seat of the seat of civilization, of science, and true civilization, of science, and true religion.religion.”” How did whites view Indian How did whites view Indian

culture?culture?

William Henry HarrisonWilliam Henry Harrison

Indian Resistance (cont.)Indian Resistance (cont.) Great Team: Brothers in ArmsGreat Team: Brothers in Arms

TecumsehTecumseh: political leader, great : political leader, great orator; advocated use of forceorator; advocated use of force

TenskwatawaTenskwatawa (Prophet) fanatic, (Prophet) fanatic, guided by visions; movementguided by visions; movement’’s s moral and spiritual voice (moral and spiritual voice (““cast cast away white waysaway white ways””))

““Read AloudRead Aloud”” Activity Activity

TecumsehTecumseh

Indian Resistance (cont.)Indian Resistance (cont.) Battle of Tippecanoe CreekBattle of Tippecanoe Creek

Harrison attacks ProphetstownHarrison attacks Prophetstown ProphetProphet’’s blunders blunder Prophetstown razed, but battle a Prophetstown razed, but battle a

drawdraw Sense of confederation spiltSense of confederation spilt

Importance?Importance? Settlers continue to blame British Settlers continue to blame British

for Indian aggressionfor Indian aggression

Battle of TippecanoeBattle of Tippecanoe

Westerns Want War with EnglandWesterns Want War with England Agricultural depressionAgricultural depression

Misconception: loss of foreign Misconception: loss of foreign markets due to British policymarkets due to British policy

Reality?Reality? Land HungryLand Hungry

Want Canada from EnglandWant Canada from England Nationalism (Easterners too)Nationalism (Easterners too)

Want England to repeal Orders of Want England to repeal Orders of Council to restore national honorCouncil to restore national honor

Support for the Support for the ““War HawksWar Hawks””

Opponent of WarOpponent of War

Federalists-opposed any Federalists-opposed any measure by Dem-Rep; why?measure by Dem-Rep; why?

RealistsRealistsEngland largest navy; why?England largest navy; why?England not really a threatEngland not really a threatNapoleon is real threat; why?Napoleon is real threat; why?

The War of 1812The War of 1812 Congress declares war Congress declares war

Poor economy and Indian Poor economy and Indian aggression blamed on Englandaggression blamed on England

War Hawks muster supportWar Hawks muster support Madison must save faceMadison must save face

England in bad economic England in bad economic depression and repeal Orders of depression and repeal Orders of CouncilCouncil Why?Why? 5 days earlier, U.S. declared war5 days earlier, U.S. declared war

Causes of the War of Causes of the War of 18121812

1.1. Impressment of U.S. sailorsImpressment of U.S. sailors

2.2. British blamed for trouble with British blamed for trouble with western Indian tribeswestern Indian tribes

3.3. War Hawks and others “land War Hawks and others “land hungry”; eyeing Canada (British)hungry”; eyeing Canada (British)

4.4. U.S. economic depression blamed U.S. economic depression blamed on Orders in Councilon Orders in Council

*Real war for independence*Real war for independence

U.S. Navy and the U.S. Navy and the PrivateersPrivateers U.S. navy is very small, but scored U.S. navy is very small, but scored

early victoriesearly victories President, United States, President, United States,

ConstitutionConstitution End of 1813, U.S. navy trapped by End of 1813, U.S. navy trapped by

British blockade British blockade U.S. uses merchant ships as U.S. uses merchant ships as

privateers; very successfulprivateers; very successful 1300 British ships taken1300 British ships taken Iraq War connection?Iraq War connection?

USS ConstitutionUSS Constitution

War in CanadaWar in Canada U.S. cannot attack England, so it U.S. cannot attack England, so it

attacks British possession of attacks British possession of CanadaCanada

U.S. army was ill-trained and ill-led; U.S. army was ill-trained and ill-led; poor strategy and U.S. attack failspoor strategy and U.S. attack fails

Canada weak, but British counter-Canada weak, but British counter-attack and take Detroitattack and take Detroit

Cap. Oliver Hazard Perry destroys Cap. Oliver Hazard Perry destroys Brit. ships on Lake ErieBrit. ships on Lake Erie Famous quote; meaning?Famous quote; meaning?

Battle of Lake ErieBattle of Lake Erie

War in Canada (cont.)War in Canada (cont.) PerryPerry’’s victory allows U.S. to s victory allows U.S. to

retake Detroitretake Detroit Harrison defeats fleeing British at Harrison defeats fleeing British at

Battle of ThamesBattle of ThamesTecumseh killedTecumseh killed Indians lose will to fight; why?Indians lose will to fight; why?

U.S. wins Battle of YorkU.S. wins Battle of YorkBurn governorBurn governor’’s mansions mansion

Death of TecumsehDeath of Tecumseh

The War of 1812The War of 1812Part IIPart II

Mr. CalellaMr. Calella

American Studies IAmerican Studies I

British on OffensiveBritish on Offensive 1814, Napoleon abdicates after 1814, Napoleon abdicates after

his failure in Russia (1814)his failure in Russia (1814) British turn full attention on U.S.British turn full attention on U.S. Blockade and raid coastBlockade and raid coast

Economic effect? Terrorism?Economic effect? Terrorism? Capture D.C., burn Capitol, Capture D.C., burn Capitol,

White House, etc.; why?White House, etc.; why?Dolley Madison ActivityDolley Madison Activity

The PortraitThe Portrait

Burning of the WhitehouseBurning of the Whitehouse

American NationalismAmerican Nationalism Brit. bombard Fort McHenryBrit. bombard Fort McHenry Francis Scot Key on Brit. ship Francis Scot Key on Brit. ship

sees flag; wrote lyricssees flag; wrote lyricsLyrics describe battle?Lyrics describe battle?

Brit. unable take Baltimore; go to Brit. unable take Baltimore; go to New OrleansNew OrleansWhy?Why?

Bombing of Fort McHenryBombing of Fort McHenry

Nationalism (cont.)Nationalism (cont.) 1000s enlist after song and news 1000s enlist after song and news

about D.C. burningabout D.C. burningHow was War of 1812 similar How was War of 1812 similar

to 9/11?to 9/11?Examples of nationalism after Examples of nationalism after

9/11?9/11?Negative examples of Negative examples of

nationalism?nationalism?

War of 1812War of 1812

Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent Signed Christmas Eve, 1814 in Signed Christmas Eve, 1814 in

Ghent, Belgium Ghent, Belgium Gallatin, Clay, Adams (chair)Gallatin, Clay, Adams (chair) Declared armisticeDeclared armistice Agreed to Agreed to ““status quo ante status quo ante

bellumbellum”” Impressment not addressed; Impressment not addressed;

why?why?

Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent

Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans News of Treaty traveled slowNews of Treaty traveled slow Occurred after TreatyOccurred after Treaty

Happened today? Why not?Happened today? Why not?

Battle (continued)Battle (continued) Watch video on battle (14 min.)Watch video on battle (14 min.) Jackson became a national hero Jackson became a national hero

and later presidentand later presidentOther war hero presidents?Other war hero presidents?

Quick iPad researchQuick iPad researchWhy does this occur?Why does this occur?

Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans

Federalists WeakenedFederalists Weakened Hartford ConventionHartford Convention

Occurred after Treaty, but news slowOccurred after Treaty, but news slow New Eng. Fed. protest war & revise New Eng. Fed. protest war & revise

Const. (Const. (IRONYIRONY-now want to shorten -now want to shorten president to 1 term, 2/3s states for war)president to 1 term, 2/3s states for war)

Talk of secessionTalk of secession Federalists discredited with news of Federalists discredited with news of

TreatyTreaty Victory at New Orleans really made Victory at New Orleans really made

Federalists look bad; why?Federalists look bad; why?

Effects of the WarEffects of the War Peaceful relations-U.S. and Eng.Peaceful relations-U.S. and Eng.

Commercial treaty-trade againCommercial treaty-trade again Convention of 1818Convention of 1818: Northern : Northern

boundary of Louisiana Purchase (49boundary of Louisiana Purchase (49thth parallel) & 10-yr joint-occupation of parallel) & 10-yr joint-occupation of Oregon TerritoryOregon Territory

Confirm American independenceConfirm American independence U.S. has credibility; stood up to British U.S. has credibility; stood up to British

Empire and successfully held it backEmpire and successfully held it back U.S. has no foreign problems now; can U.S. has no foreign problems now; can

focus on problem of sectionalism focus on problem of sectionalism (why?)(why?)

Effects of War (cont.)Effects of War (cont.)

American nationalism growsAmerican nationalism grows Why was it important for U.S. to Why was it important for U.S. to

establish peaceful relations with establish peaceful relations with Europe?Europe?

After Napoleon, Europe at peace After Napoleon, Europe at peace until?until?