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CHAPTER 4
THE VARIETY OF
RESOURCES ON EARTH
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. a ura esources onEarth
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4.2 Understanding Element,Compound and Mixture
MatterElement
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eo 1: Elements http:!!!."outu#e.com!atch$%&d'()*N+x#M
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Element
•
Element: a su#stance that consistsone t"pe o- atom onl".
• )t is the simplest matter and cannot
#e separated #" an" chemical orph"sical method.
AtomMolecule
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Classication o- Element
ElementMetal
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Surface
Meltingan !oiling
"oint
ElectricConucti#i
t$
Mallea!ilit$
%uctilit$
HeatConucti#it$
/hin"
Mallea#le
0uctile
ood
ood
igh
0ull
Notmallea#le
3rittle
ea5
0o notconduct,
except Car#on
6o!
M e t
a l
&
N on
M
et al
&
%en&it$igh 6o!
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/ur-ace
• 7he sur-ace o- metals are usuall"shin" !hen polished compared tononmetals.
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Mallea#ilit"
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0uctilit"
• 0uctilit" is the a#ilit" o- a metal to #e#ent or stretched permanentl"!ithout rupture or -racture.
• Metals that lac5 ductilit" !ill crac5or #rea5 #e-ore #ending.
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0uctilit"
Nonmetal8 siliconMetal8
aluminium
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eat Conducti%it"
• 7he a#ilit" to trans-er heat.
• hich material is easier to get hot$Metal or nonmetal material$
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Electric conducti%it"
• 7he a#ilit" o- trans-erring electricit".
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Melting and #oiling point
0ensit"
• Most metals are solid 9except -ormercur", there-ore it re;uires moreheat to melt them.
• /ince metals are mostl" solids, theirmass are higher, thus their densitiesare all high.
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<roperties o- metals
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Compound• ? compound is a su#stance that
contains t!o or more atomschemicall" com#ined together.
• 7he components in compound canonl" #e separated through chemicalreactions such as electrol"sis or
heating.
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Mixture• ? mixture is a com#ination o- t!o or
more su#stances that ha%e #eenmixed ph"sicall"@ -or example #"stirring.
• ? mixture ma" consists o- elements,compounds or #oth.
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T'e i(erence& !et)een com"oun * mi+ture
Formation
Se"aration
Formationof ne)
&u!&tancePro"ertie&
ofcom"onent
&Con#er&ionof energ$
Chemicall"-ormed
Ne! su#stance is-ormed
Ne! properties
eat energ" isreleased
Can #e separatedchemicall"
<h"sicall" mixed
No ne! su#stanceis -ormed
Retain its originalproperties
eat energ" is notreleased
Can #e separatedph"sicall"
Com"oun
Mi+ture
Ienti,cation of
com"onent
Components thatma5e up compound
cannot #e identied
Components o-mixture can #e
identied easil"
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Electrol"sis o- Copper 9)) /ulphate: /eparating acompound
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When sugar isheated, it will be
broken into carbon
and water
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Examples o- mixtures
S ti f i t P' i l
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Se"aration of mi+ture- P'$&icalmet'o&
Filtration:
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Using magnet
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Chromatograph":
4 A ?ppreciating 7he )mportance *- 7he
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4.A ?ppreciating 7he )mportance *- 7heVariet" *- EarthGs Resources 7o Man.
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