THE UNIVERSE

Made and Presented ByRed House

What is the universe?

The universe is……… basically, everything .

Scientifically, it’s defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all physical matter and energy, ranging from the smallest atom to the biggest galaxy-- the planets, stars, everything .

But..…

On our journey, we’ll only focus on the huge part of the

universe that lies outside our earth.

Now, you may ask ,how HUGE is it?

How big is our universe?•How big is space? That is a question man has been asking

since the beginning of time.

.•When your grandparents were in school, it was thought that

the Universe was very small, perhaps only 5000 light years across.

•500 years ago it was thought that the Universe was only a little bit bigger than the Earth.

.

•In modern times, with the power of technology, we are finally starting to grasp the immense size of the Universe, and it is much bigger than anyone could have ever imagined.

What is our universe made of?

This question has been around for centuries. Our universe is made up of both matter and

energy, and includes cool stuff like.......

All on board the spaceship ‘Gizmo!’

Hold your breath and get braced up to enjoy the most thrilling ride of your life!

OUR FIRST STOP: the S.S.On this ride, we’ll call the solar system

‘the S.S’.

As you know, our S.S. is made of eight planets---

Mercury, Venus, our Earth ,Mars, Jupiter, Saturn ,Neptune and Uranus. They all revolve around a common central star, the Sun.

Wow!

THE NEXT STOP: the STARSWhen you look at the night sky you can see many beautiful stars. There are several different kinds of stars in the sky. A couple of stars have been found that are 100 to 200 times larger than the sun. Some are even smaller than the Earth (Imagine that!)

Dwarf stars

Blue Giant stars

Yellow stars

Giant stars

Super Giant stars

Kinds of Stars

Whoa, look at that!

Supernovae!

At the end of their lives, many large stars explode into what is known as a Supernova.

They’re beautiful!

OUR NEXT STOP: A BLACK HOLE!When a large star runs out of fuel it can no longer support its heavy weight. The pressure from the star's massive layers of hydrogen press down forcing the star to get smaller and smaller, finally reducing into an atom .

Imagine that!

If you make something smaller by squishing it, its gravity becomes much stronger. Imagine then, if you squish a star into the size of an atom how powerful its gravity would become.

A black hole's gravity becomes so powerful that anything, including light that gets too close, gets pulled in. That's right, not even light can escape the grasp of a black hole.

Let’s get out of here before we get sucked in!!

Look! Isn’t that a QUASAR ?A quasar is believed to be a supermassive black hole surrounded by an accretion disk. A Quasar can absorb light, stars and even small galaxies.

The light, radiation and radio waves from these galaxies and stars being absorbed into a black hole travel billions of light years through space .

When we look at quasars which are 10-15 billion light years away, we are looking 10-15 billion years into the past .

Pretty amazing, right?

Wow!!!

OUR FIFTH STOP: the GALAXIES!

There are gazillions of Galaxies in the Universe!!

Spiral Galaxy

Irregular Galaxy

Elliptical Galaxy

Some galaxies are very small with only a few million stars. While others could have as many as 400 billion stars, or even more .

There are three kinds of Galaxies, Spiral, Elliptical, and Irregular. The only difference between the three is what shape they are.

Kinds of Galaxies

Wow, a NEBULA !!

Yep, that’s what a nebula looks like!

A nebula is a cloud of gas and dust in outer space.  These clouds are often

very large, spanning across many light years.  There are many different kinds of

nebulae in the sky. 

The first type of nebulae we are going to explore are called Emission Nebulae, because they emit their own light.How do they emit their own light?

They glow red or pink as they expel extra energy which they get from nearby stars .

Just like a neon sign.

Kinds of Nebulae

A blue reflection nebula is completely different from an emission nebula.  This is because rather than emitting their own light, they are reflecting the light of the stars around them .

They are blue because they reflect the light of a star.

Thank You

The Red House