THE THYROID GLAND

Allan Keast, ORL Surgeon

Anatomy

Anatomy

Physiology

• Thyroid hormones upregulate metabolism• T4 Thyroxine• T3 triiodothyronine

• Calcium regulation• Parathyroids (up)• Calcitonin (down)

• ?significance in humans

Physiology

Diagnostic Tests

• Thyroid function tests

Pathology

• AETIOLOGY

• Neoplastic • Autoimmune• Metabolic

• Iodine

• Congenital• Cretinism

• EFFECT

• Mass effect• Goitre

• Hyperthyroidism• Hypothyroidism

Pathology

Cancer

Treatment

• Thyroxine suppression• Surgery• Radioactive Iodine• External beam Radiotherapy

Surgery

Surgery

Surgery