The Sun, Earth, Moon The Sun, Earth, Moon SystemSystem

Earth Facts:Earth Facts:

• Earth is a Earth is a spheresphere..• Earth Earth rotatesrotates or spins on an axis. or spins on an axis. • (At about 1000 mi/hr)(At about 1000 mi/hr)• One rotation takes One rotation takes 23 hours and 56 23 hours and 56

minutesminutes• The The diameterdiameter is is12,756 Km (7,909 mi.)12,756 Km (7,909 mi.)Circumference =Circumference =24,000 miles.24,000 miles.

Earth Facts:Earth Facts:

• The Earth has a The Earth has a magnetic fieldmagnetic field, , similar to a bar magnet.similar to a bar magnet.

..

Earth’s MagnetosphereEarth’s Magnetosphere

The Aurora Borealis ( Northern Lights) are created by charged particles entering the magnetosphere.

Earth FactsEarth Facts

• There are magnetic There are magnetic poles. poles. (N & S)(N & S)

• The North Magnetic Pole is tilted at The North Magnetic Pole is tilted at 11.5 degrees11.5 degrees from the geographic from the geographic north polenorth pole

» WEBWEB

Earth’s Magnetic PolesEarth’s Magnetic Poles

The SeasonsThe Seasons

• Many locations on Earth experience Many locations on Earth experience weather changes over the year.weather changes over the year.

• We have Seasons: Winter, Spring, We have Seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall.Summer, and Fall.

• What causes the change?What causes the change?

The SeasonsThe Seasons

• The The Earth’s TiltEarth’s Tilt and its and its RevolutionRevolution around the sun combine to cause around the sun combine to cause the seasons.the seasons.

• The Earth is tilted The Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees23.5 degrees..

The SeasonsThe Seasons

• The Revolution around the sun The Revolution around the sun takes 365 days, 6 hrs, and 9 min.takes 365 days, 6 hrs, and 9 min.

( One Year)( One Year)

The SeasonsThe Seasons

The SeasonsThe Seasons

• Earth is Earth is closestclosest to the sun in the Winter to the sun in the Winter (for the northern hemisphere).(for the northern hemisphere).

• On On January 3January 3 the Earth is 147 million Km the Earth is 147 million Km (91.1 million mi.) from the sun(91.1 million mi.) from the sun

• On On July 4July 4 the Earth is the farthest at 152 the Earth is the farthest at 152 million Kmmillion Km

(94.2 million miles)(94.2 million miles)

SeasonsSeasons

• EquinoxesEquinoxes – The sun is directly above – The sun is directly above the equator. The number of daylight the equator. The number of daylight hours EQUALS the number of hours of hours EQUALS the number of hours of darkness.darkness.

• The The Fall EquinoxFall Equinox occurs on September occurs on September 22 or 2322 or 23

• The The Spring EquinoxSpring Equinox occurs on March 20 occurs on March 20 or 21or 21

• These are the dates for “the first day of These are the dates for “the first day of Spring”(or Fall)Spring”(or Fall)

SeasonsSeasons

• SolsticeSolstice – The sun reaches its greatest – The sun reaches its greatest distance north or south.distance north or south.

• The The Winter SolsticeWinter Solstice occurs on December occurs on December 21 or 22 in the Northern Hemisphere. 21 or 22 in the Northern Hemisphere.

• The Winter Solstice has the longest time The Winter Solstice has the longest time of of darknessdarkness in the year. in the year.

• The The Summer SolsticeSummer Solstice occurs on June 21 occurs on June 21 or 22. It is the or 22. It is the longest daylongest day of the year. of the year.

SeasonsSeasons

• How does the Earth’s How does the Earth’s rotationrotation affect animal and plant life?affect animal and plant life?

How does the Earth’s How does the Earth’s revolutionrevolution affect plant and animal life?affect plant and animal life?

Earth’s Moon: LunaEarth’s Moon: Luna

Earth’s MoonEarth’s Moon

• The moon The moon rotates.rotates.• It rotates once everyIt rotates once every 27.3 days. 27.3 days.• The moonThe moon revolves revolves around the around the

Earth.Earth.

Earth’s MoonEarth’s Moon

• It revolves around the Earth once It revolves around the Earth once every every 29.5 days29.5 days. .

• The revolution of the moon is what The revolution of the moon is what causes the causes the phases.phases.

• The moon has phases:The moon has phases:

The moon changes appearance.The moon changes appearance.

Moon PhasesMoon Phases

• The moon shows sun light which is The moon shows sun light which is reflectedreflected from the moon’s surface. from the moon’s surface.

• New MoonNew Moon : The moon is : The moon is dark.dark.• New Moon: The moon is located New Moon: The moon is located

between the Earth and the sun.between the Earth and the sun.

Moon PhasesMoon Phases

• WaxingWaxing – this is when more and – this is when more and more of the moon’s lighted side is more of the moon’s lighted side is appearing.appearing.

• A Full MoonA Full Moon – all of the moon’s – all of the moon’s surface is lit up.surface is lit up.

• WaningWaning – this is when the lighted – this is when the lighted side is getting smaller and smaller.side is getting smaller and smaller.

Moon Phases Moon Phases webweb

• New MoonNew Moon

• Waxing CrescentWaxing Crescent

• First QuarterFirst Quarter

Moon PhasesMoon Phases

• Waxing GibbousWaxing Gibbous

• Full MoonFull Moon

• Waning GibbousWaning Gibbous

Moon PhasesMoon Phases

• Third QuarterThird Quarter

• Waning Crescent Waning Crescent

Web PhasesWeb Phases

Moon PhasesMoon Phases

EclipsesEclipses

Solar EclipsesSolar Eclipses

• The moon moves between the The moon moves between the Earth and the sun . Earth and the sun .

Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse

Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse

• The sun is blocked and the moon The sun is blocked and the moon casts a shadow on a part of the casts a shadow on a part of the earth.earth.

Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse

Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse

• Umbra Umbra = The darkest part of the moon’s = The darkest part of the moon’s shadow.shadow.

• PenumbraPenumbra = a lighter shadow around = a lighter shadow around the umbra.the umbra.

Lunar EclipsesLunar Eclipses

• When the Earth’s shadow falls on When the Earth’s shadow falls on the moon, a lunar eclipse occurs.the moon, a lunar eclipse occurs.

Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse

The moon turns dark red and almost The moon turns dark red and almost disappears.disappears.

The Structure of the MoonThe Structure of the Moon

Structure of the Moon Structure of the Moon WEBWEB

• Maria = dark , flat areas formed Maria = dark , flat areas formed from ancient lava flows.from ancient lava flows.

Structure of the MoonStructure of the Moon

• Craters = depressions formed from Craters = depressions formed from impacts (meteoroids, etc.)impacts (meteoroids, etc.)

Moon StructuresMoon Structures

• Ray = a bright streak , radiating Ray = a bright streak , radiating from a crater.from a crater.

• Rill = A long valley on the moon.Rill = A long valley on the moon.• Apogee = the moon is farthest Apogee = the moon is farthest

from the Earth.from the Earth.• Perigee = the moon is nearest the Perigee = the moon is nearest the

Earth.Earth.

Theory: Origin of the MoonTheory: Origin of the Moon

• 4.6 Billion years ago, a Mars size 4.6 Billion years ago, a Mars size object collided with the Earth.object collided with the Earth.

• Part of the Earth melted and was Part of the Earth melted and was ejected into space.ejected into space.

Theory Of Moon FormationTheory Of Moon Formation

• A ring of debris formed around the A ring of debris formed around the Earth.Earth.

• After about 100 years the ring After about 100 years the ring solidified into the moon.solidified into the moon.