Post on 28-Dec-2015
THE SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS
SKELETAL SYSTEM
THE AVERAGE PERSON HAS 206 BONES
BONES ARE HELD TOGETHER BY LIGAMENTS
LIGAMENT
TENDONS ARE CONNECTIVE TISSUES THAT ATTACH BONE TO MUSCLE
ACHILLES TENDON
FUNCTIONS
• GIVES SHAPE AND SUPPORT
• ALLOWS MOVEMENT
• PROTECTS TISSUES AND ORGANS
• STORES CERTAIN SUBSTANCES
• PRODUCE BLOOD CELLS
DEVELOPMENT OF BONES
• CARTILAGE CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT FORMS BONES
• STRONG ENOUGH TO SUPPORT WEIGHT BUT FLEXIBLE
• BONE REPLACES CARTILAGE ABOUT SEVEN MONTHS BEFORE BIRTH
• CARTILAGE REMAINS IN JOINTS, EARS, AND NOSE
– ACTS AS A CUSHION
– PROVIDES SLIPPERY SURFACE FOR BONE MOVEMENT
STRUCTURE OF BONES
• BONE IS ONE OF TOUGHEST AND LIGHTEST MATERIALS IN THE BODY
• 206 BONES MAKE UP ABOUT 14% OF BODY MASS
• BONES ARE ALIVE – NERVES, BONE-FORMING CELLS, AND BLOOD VESSELS
• BONES ARE LIKE ROCKS – HARD AND STRONG
– MINERALS MAKE BONES HARD AND STRONG
• CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS
THE BONE
• HOLLOW SHAFT
– YELLOW MARROW – FAT AND BLOOD VESSELS
– RED MARROW – PRODUCES BLOOD CELLS
SURROUNDING THE SHAFT – MEMBRANE CONTAINS BONE-FORMING CELLS AND BLOOD VESSELS
• MUSCLES ATTACH TO BONE SURFACE
• RUNNING THROUGH THE BONE SYSTEM IS A SYSTEM THAT BRINGS FOOD AND OXYGEN
• IT ALSO CONTAINS NERVES
SKELETAL JOINTS
• JOINT – WHERE BONES COME CLOSE TOGETHER
• MOVEABLE JOINTS – ALLOW BONES TO MOVE
BALL AND SOCKET
ALLOWS FOR CIRCULAR MOTION
HINGE JOINT
ALLOWS FORWARD AND BACKWARD MOVEMENT
PIVOT JOINT
ALLOWS BONES TO MOVE OVER EACH OTHER
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
• THE ONLY TISSUE THAT CONTRACTS OR SHORTENS
• MORE THAN 600 MUSCLES WORK WHILE YOU SLEEP TO KEEP YOU ALIVE
MUSCLES ARE MADE OF FIBERS THAT RUN PARRALLEL TO ONE ANOTHER AND ARE HELD TOGETHER BY BUNDLES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
SKELETAL MUSCLES
• ALLOWS MOVEMENT
• ASSOCIATED WITH BONES
• STRIATED OR BANDED
• VOLUNTARY – YOU CAN CONTROL
SMOOTH MUSCLE
• CONTROL BREATHING, BLOOD PRESSURE, ETC.
• DO NOT HAVE BANDS
• INVOLUNTARY YOU DO NOT CONTROL
CARDIAC MUSCLE
• HEART
• WEAVE A COMPLEX MESH
• INVOLUNTARY
ACTIONS
• MUSCLES WORK IN PAIRS
• NERVE TISSUE IS INVOLVED
• MUSCLE CONTRACTS COMPLETELY OR NOT AT ALL
INJURIES TO SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEM
SPRAIN
LIGAMENT IS TORN OR PULLED BEYOND NORMAL RANGE
FRACTURE
BREAK IN BONE
– HEALING BEGINS IMMEDIATELY– BROKEN BLOOD VESSELS FORM CLOT– MINERALS FROM SHARP ENDS
ABSORBED– CONNECTIVE TISSUE GROWS TO HOLD
BONE ENDS TOGETHER
DISLOCATION
• A BONE IS FORCED OUT OF IT’S JOINT– THIS NEEDS A
DOCTOR TO PUT IT BACK