The Science of Marine Biology

Chapter 1

The Science of Marine Biology

Nearly all disciplines of biology are represented Oceanography

Geological ocanographersChemical oceanographersPhysical oceanographers

The History of Marine Biology

Archaeologists have found remains of “clambakes” from the Stone Age

Tomb of an Egyptian pharaoh shows warning signsWhat is good to eat? What is bad to eat?Ancient Pacific Islanders passed down knowledge

Using wind, wave, and current patterns to navigate vast distances

Phoenicians – first accomplished western navigators Mediterranean, Black Sea, Indian Ocean

Aristotle Considered the first

marine biologist Gills

History of Marine Biology Scientific Inquiry came to a

grinding halt in most of Europe.

9th and 10th centuries the Vikings continued to explore the northern Atlantic.

Leif Eriksson – North America. A.D. 995

1492- Christopher Columbus

1519- Ferdinand Magellan

James Cook An English sea captain. One of the first to make

scientific observations Included a full time

naturalist among his crew

3 voyages (1768) Explored all the oceans First European to see

Antarctic ice fields First to land in Hawaii,

New Zeland, Pacific Islands

Chromometer

Charles Darwin1831 – HMS BeaglePrimary mission –

map coastlinesTheory of evolution

by natural selectionCoral Reef AtollNets to capture

plankton

Challenger ExpeditionPage 6Who is Edward Forbes?What contributions to marine biology did he make?Who funded Forbe and his crew on the first major

oceanographic expedition?How long did the expedition last?How long did it take to publish all the information

gathered?What made the Challenger Expedition so monumental?