The Samurai

Warm-Up: Imagine you are a samurai invited to the New Year

dinner by the Shogun. What do you think will be on the menu and served for dinner tonight?

The Menu The  Menu  in  early  medieval  Japan  is  quite  simple:

• Jelly  Fish  • Pickled  Japanese  apricot• Salt  and  vinegar  for  seasoning• Rice• Saki  (  a  wine  made  from  rice)

Possible  additions  to  the  menu:

• Soup  of  chopped  vegetables,  fish,  or  meat  made  with  a  miso  base.

• Miso  (soybeans  fermented  in  salt)

• Steamed  vegetables  and  seaweed  

• Soy  sauce• Boiled  fish• tofu

• By 200 AD, rice farming had been known on the islands of Japan for 500 years.

• People had to defend their land and rice fields.

• Some were naturally better suited to fighting then others and became specialists at fighting.

• Those who fought became warriors, and the strong became the leaders of their clans.

• The wars they fought resulted in larger clans overcoming and absorbing smaller ones.

• The Samurai eventually became a class unto themselves.

• They were called by two names: Samurai (knights) and Bushi(warriors).

• Some of them were related to the ruling class. Others were hired men, called Ronin.

• They gave complete loyalty to their Daimyo (feudal landowners) and received land in return.

• Each Daimyo used his Samurai to protect his land and to expand his power and rights to more land.

• The Japanese Samurai had three different ranks:

1. kenin – meaning “ housemen.” They were the administrators or vassals.

2. mounted samurai: only high-ranking samurai warriors were allowed to fight on horseback.

3. Foot soldiers

• The Samurai were privileged to wear two swords, and at one time had the right to cut down any commoner who offended them.

• One sword was long; the other short. The long sword (daito - katana) was more than 24 inches. The short sword (shoto - wakizashi) was between 12 and 24 inches.

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•Commoners were not allowed to wear any weapons at all.

• The ideal samurai was supposed to be a stoic warrior who followed an unwritten code of conduct called Bushido, which held bravery, honor, and loyalty above life itself.

Bushido was the code by which all samurai warriors were supposed to live. A samurai who did not live according to this code brought dishonor to himself and his lord, and this violation required him to commit seppuku, or ritual suicide.

• If a samurai behaved in a dishonorable way or was captured by an enemy he would commit a ritualistic suicide called seppuku.

• He would take his sword and cut open his own stomach.

• A friend would then take a very sharp sword and cut off his head.

• In this way the samurai could preserve his honor.

• His goal was to achieve oneness of body, mind, and spirit.

• He must always be clean and properly dressed for the occasion, always with two swords.

• He should practice good manners and never sit idly doing nothing.

• He must always know right and wrong, which are the same as good and evil.

• "Duty" is a primary philosophy of the Samurai.

• At birth: You will be considered to be a one year old, and a sword will already at your side, just where it will be at your death.

• The sword is your soul.• .  At birth, a samurai was

given a name by which he would be known until his coming of age ceremony.

• At age 5: You will get your first haircut and your first set of samurai clothing.

• At age 7: You will now wear nakama, which are wide pants that you wear over your kimono.

• You will begin to learn to ride a horse and use a wooden sword.

• You will be passing from babyhood to childhood.

• You will learn to read and write, and your education in the arts will begin.

• You will learn the fine art of calligraphy, which is done with a brush and ink.

• Between ages 10 and 12: You will go to a Buddhist monastery or samurai training school to continue your education for another 4 or 5 years.

• You will learn about Chinese classical literature and how to recite and write poetry, especially haiku.

• You will learn to dance and to appreciate Japanese theater.

• You will also train in the martial arts and learn how to use a sword, a spear, and a bow.

• At age 14 or 15: The gembuku ceremony is performed as a declaration of your manhood.

• The Gembuku is your coming of age ceremony.

• You will receive your adult name. During your lifetime you can expect to be known by a series of names.

• The first name would be your family name. The second name would be given to you as a gift from a powerful person such as the shogun.

• The front of your head will be shaved.

• You will be given a steel sword and a suit of armor.

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• Once your have finished your training, you will then be a samurai.

• Ready to protect—even give your life for—your lord.

• It is not likely that you will live until you are old., but if you do and retire from fighting, you will be treated with great respect until you die.

• You will then be cremated, and your ashes will be buried at a Buddhist temple.

• Many Samurai who were facing seppuku (ritual suicide) or a honorable death were expected to write a short farewell poem that expressed their thoughts about their upcoming death.

• Here are several poems written minutes before the writers death.

Minamoto Yorimasa (1104-1180) Like a rotten log

half buried in the ground -my life, which

has not flowered, comes to this sad end.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598)My life

came like dew disappears like dew.

All of Naniwa is dream after dream.

Ota  Dokan  (  1432-­‐1486)Had  I  not  known  that  I  was  dead  

already  I  would  have  mourned  

my  loss  of  life.  

Yes, there were female samurai.