The Role of Integrated Pest Management in

USAID’s Feed the Future Initiative

R. Muniappan

Director, IPM Innovation Lab

Virginia Tech

Horticulture Innovation Lab Annual Meeting, Lusaka, Zambia June 8, 2015

1

IPM Innovation Lab Host Countries • Asia

– Bangladesh – Nepal – Cambodia – Vietnam

• Africa – Ethiopia – Kenya – Tanzania

IPM IL RFAs for the New Program • Exportable fruit crops –Vietnam • Parthenium biocontrol – Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda • Biodiversity and climate change – Nepal • Modeling of insect dispersal (Tuta absoluta and groundnut

leafminer)– Africa, Asia • Vegetable crops IPM – Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal • Rice IPM – Cambodia • Vegetable crops IPM – Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania • Rice, Maize and Chickpea IPM – Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania

• Seed or seedling treatment with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis

• Solarization of seed beds and greenhouses • Use of VAM, neem cake and other organics • Selecting virus-resistant varieties • Grafting on resistant rootstock for bacterial wilt, Fusarium

and others • Staking and mulching • Yellow sticky traps for thrips, leafminers etc. • Pheromone traps for Helicoverpa and Spodoptera • Host-free period and rogueing for control of virus diseases • Use of Biopesticides such as neem • Use of microbial pesticides such as NPV, Metarhizium, and

Beauveria

IPM Package for Tomato

Coconut pith/dust use in Vegetable seedling production

Trichoderma – a Beneficial Fungus• Its use became very popular in Asia.• IPM Innovation Lab conducted 3 workshops.• Planning to introduce this technology into the

African countries.

Trichoderma Production in Bangladesh

Trichoderma Packages for Market

Trichoderma Production Facility Women producing Trichodermain their backyard

Tricho-leachate

•Eggplant yield 249% in Bangladesh

•Income 305% in Bangladesh

•Technology transferred from Bangladesh to Ohio

•Technology transferred to India, Nepal, Philippines, Uganda, Indonesia, Mali, Senegal, Honduras and Kenya

Eggplant and tomato grafting in Bangladesh

Bacterial wilt and soil borne pathogen control

Grafting eggplant and tomato on resistant root stock – Bangladesh, Philippines, India, Nepal, Uganda, Kenya, Honduras Grafting watermelon and cantaloupe on pumpkin rootstock for soil borne disease resistance – South and Southeast Asia Grafting naranjilla on resistant rootstock, Solanum hirtum– Ecuador Grafting tree tomato on Solanum auriculatum and Nicotiana glauca -Ecuador

Pheromones for monitoring insect pests

IPM practice in bitter melon crop in Bangladesh

Cuelure trapMashed sweet melon trap Area-wide management of melon fly

• Application of compost with Trichoderma• Setting up cuelure traps• Setting up mashed sweet melon traps• Picking disposal of fruit fly infested fruits• Release of parasitoids

NPVs for Spodoptera & Helicoverpa

Production of Parasitoids in Bangladesh

Biocontrol Agents Production in Honduras

Predaceous mite production

Predaceous mite collection in the lab

Orius bug production

Neem Products Neem Tree Neem Flowers Neem Insecticide

Neem seed extract production

Peanut bud necrosis virus of tomato

• Transmitted by thrips

• Common in India

• Rogueing is effective in controlling this virus

Peanut bud necrosis virus-infected tomato

Unrogued field Rogued field

Gemini virus control in tomato

Field without host free period Field with host free period

Healthy tomato Virus infected tomato

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus transmitted by white flies primarily Bemisiatabaci

Host free period for 3 months is effective in reducing the incidence

Pests of Amaranthus

Beat webworm: • Spoladea recurvalis (Lep., Pyralidae) Weevils: • Hypolixus pr. haerens (Col., Curculionidae) • Gasteroclisus pr. rhomboidalis (Col., Curculionidae) • Neocleonus sannio (Col., Curculionidae)

An Invasive Pest, Papaya Mealybug

• Origin: Mexico•Spread:

• 1990s – Caribbean, Florida and South America•2001-5 – Micronesia and Hawaii•2008-9 – India, Indonesia, Malaysia,Thailand, Sri Lanka.•2010-11 –Re Union Island, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria• 2014 – Tanzania, Mauritius, Mozambique

Acerophagus papayae, introduced for control of papaya mealybug in India, resulted in a benefit of $500 Million to 1.34 Billion

Tuta absoluta

A native of South America.Introduced to Spain in 2006.Now it has spread in Europe,Mediterranean, Middle East,West and East Africa .Nov. 2014 – Reached India.

Tuta absoluta in Eastern Africa

Recorded in Kenya, Tanzania and India in 2014

Spread of Tuta absoluta

Technology Transfer of Trichoderma in Nepal

Groundnut leafminer

Groundnut leafminer• A native of Asia • Introduced to Uganda in 1996• Now covered East and South Africa• IPM IL is working with Peanut and Mycotoxin IL.• IPM IL issued a RFA to model spread of this insect in Africa

Spread of Groundnut leafminer

Pearl millet headminer damage in Niger

Augmentative parasitoid releases

Parasitoids cultured in jute bags and dispersed in millet fields

• A set of 15 bags are used to cover 5km2 area

Thank You