The Renaissance

• Tied to Italian Renaissance• Cultural and Artistic movement

- Literature and Music• Elizabethan Era

- Shakespearean Age• Religious Change

- protestant reformation• Modern Science and Medicine

Bubonic Plague

• Began in 1300s- killed 25 million

• Several outbreaks- late 1500s and 1600s- 38,000 in London (1603)

• Unsanitary conditions- rodents (rats) with fleas

• People feared the disease

Defeat of the Spanish Armada

• Spanish Fleet- sent by Phillip II in 1588- 130 Ships

• Invasion of England• Humiliating defeat

- bankrupted Spain- war continued until 1604

• English Nationalism- established state religion

War of the Roses

• Between the Houses of Lancaster and York- lasted 30 years- 1455 to 1485

• Battle for Power- Richard III- Henry Tudor (VII)

• Theme of Romeo and Juliet- battle between two families

Tudor England - Medicine

• Many did not live past 40 years of age- Sanitation/hygiene- Food Quality

• Used Herbs and natural items for some cures

• Wealthy got a doctor• Old Wives Tales

Common Treatments

• Leeches used to bleed patients (too much blood)• Deafness – Gall of a hare and grease from a fox• Smallpox – hang red curtains, red light through the

curtains cured the illness- Elizabeth I was treated this way

• Head Lice – Tobacco juice on the scalp• Headaches – lavender, sage, roses… or a

hangman’s noose to the forehead

Elizabethan Clothing• Sumptuary Laws

- designated clothing styles based on class- Henry VIII

• Breaking the law- loss of land- loss of title- or, you guessed it, DEATH

Elizabethan Clothing

The Rich• Vivid Colors, various types

of cloth• High Collars• Doublets/Tunics• Silk, flannel• Jewelry

The Poor• Wool, Sheepskin, linen• Brown, beige, orange• Wool caps• Buttons, trimming on coats• Inexpensive materials

Crime and Punishment• Justice was often swift and

brutal• Old System from

Middle/Dark Ages• Guilt before innocence

- treason, no counsel• Public events

- poor treated it as a day out

Crime and Punishment

• Beheading- use of an axe- conscious for 8 seconds

• Burnt at the stake• Hung, Drawn and quartered• Minor Crimes

- loss of land or title

English Soldiers

• Typically fought on foot• Used horses for transport• Small armies

- used peasants- mercenaries

• Skilled Archers• Knights

English Weapons• Swords• Long Bow

- symbol of strength- years to master

• Gun powder- more common

• Cannons- used before muskets

• Match lock Muskets

Religion

• Catholic v. Protestant- changed under Henry

• Dictated by King/Queen- Henry = Protestant- Mary I = Catholic- Elizabeth = Protestant

• Many plots against the King or Queen

Economy

• People moved to towns to find work

• Less reliance on farming• Wool Trade

- farms devoted to sheep

• Exploration- trade routes- new lands?

Social Structure

• Clear divisions- evidence by clothing- Monarchy (King)- Aristocracy (Rich)- Middle Class - Peasants

• More movement- plague helped this

More on Crime and Punishment

• Monarch in charge- King/Queen- Final decisions- death warrants

• Highly structured• Everyone had a job

More on Crime and Punishment

Bear Baiting

• “Blood Sports”- loved by all

• Bear tied to a stake• Attacked by dogs

- typically a Mastiff- could use lions

• Queen Elizabeth- would attend these events, entertained guests

Bull Baiting

• Similar to bear baiting• Bull was placed in an

arena- same dogs used- bull was “worried” to death

• Dogs would win if the animal died- losers if they were too injured

Renaissance Festivals ofthe 1500s and 1600s

• Recreation was important to Elizabethans

• Team Sports- hurling, similar to hockey and polo- falconers, sport that uses falcons

• Fencing• Jousting/Sword fighting

The Theater, The TheaterOh how we love the Theater!

• Became an important part of the Renaissance

• First theater 1576• Enter Shakespeare

- Globe Theater- Many plays

• Church opposed the theater

• Up to 3000 people could attend some theaters

Henry VIII

• 2nd Tudor King of England- a pompous man

• 6 Wives- Catherine of Aragon- Anne Boleyn

• Fought with the Pope- took over English Church

• No Male heirs- Daughter Elizabeth

Henry’s Wives

3. Jane Seymour  Died

2. Anne Boleyn  Beheaded

1. Catherine of Aragon  Divorced

4. Anne of Cleves  Divorced

5. Catherine Howard  Beheaded

6. Katherine Parr Survived

Catherine of Aragon

• First wife of Henry VIII- arranged marriage

• Children- frequent miscarriages- death of one son- one girl lived

• Henry VIII divorced her- removed as queen

Elizabeth I

• Daughter of Henry VIII- father disappointed

• One of the greatest rulers- rule called “Golden Age”

• Imprisoned by her sister- Queen Mary I

• Political genius• Devoted to her country

- never married?

Mary, Queen of Scots

• Became queen at age “1 week”• Married her cousin

- Scottish Monarch• Many rebellions• Fled the country

- went to her cousin Elizabeth• Imprisoned and executed

- Elizabeth threatened by her

Sir Francis Drake

• English Sea Captain• Helped defeat the

Spanish Armada• Politician

- favored by Elizabeth• Sailed around the world

Sir Walter Raleigh• Explorer and Writer• Favored by Elizabeth

- knighted • First English Colony in America

- Roanoke (VA)• Imprisoned by James I

- spent years in the Tower of London- wrote books

Anne Boleyn

• 2nd Wife of Henry VII• Gave birth to a daughter

- named Elizabeth- Henry angered the birth of Elizabeth

• Investigated for treason- found guilty- beheaded

Bloody Mary (Queen Mary I of England)

• 1st daughter of Henry• Became queen

- supported the Pope- Roman Catholic- executed her cousin

• Began executing Protestants• “Bloody Mary”

- mass murderer• Sent Elizabeth away

Edmund Spenser

• English Poet• Tudor Dynasty and Elizabeth

- The Faerie Queen• Modern English verse• Spenserian Sonnet

- Shakespearean elements- figurative language