THE RENAISSANCE

“THE PIETA” MICHELANGELO

THE“REBIRTH”

OFCLASSICAL

THEMESAND

IDEAS

1300-1650 A.D.

HUMANISMTHE MOVEMENT TO “REBIRTH”

EMPHASIS AND APPRECIATION OF INDIVIDUAL WORTH AND THE DIGNITY OF MANA MOVE TOWARDS SECULAR LIFE, NOT RELIGIOUSA RETURN TO THE CLASSICS: IDEAS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE GREEKS AND ROMANSEMPHASIS ON BEAUTY, NOT FEARAN IDEAL OF BEING WELL-ROUNDED (DEVELOPING ABILITES IN MANY AREAS)INCLUDED AN IDEAL OF PERFORMING PUBLIC SERVICE AND EXERCISING INDIVIDUAL CHOICESTARTED AS A LITERARY MOVEMENT CONCERNED WITH EVERYDAY HUMAN PROBLEMS

CONTRIBUTING INFLUENCES

SCHOLARS TURNING TO IDEAS FROM THE CLASSICAL PERIODGROWTH OF COMMERCIAL EMPIRES AND CONTACT WITH WORLD CULTURESDEVELOPMENT OF URBAN, RATHER THAN RURAL. AREASBOOKS WRITTEN IN THE VERNACULAR (MORE PEOPLE BECOME LITERATE)CORRUPTION IN THE CHURCH AND A DESIRE TO REFORM RELIGIONINCREASED POWER OF MERCHANT CLASS WHO USE THEIR INFLUENCE TO PROMOTE THEIR IDEAS (BECOME PATRONS TO THE ARTS)

EARLY HUMANIST FIGURES

PETRARCHDANTECHAUCERERASMUSCELLINITHOMAS MOREBOCCACCIOMACHIAVELLIRABELAIS

ILLUSTRATION FROM“CANTERBURY TALES”

PETRARCHTHE FATHER OF HUMANISM

1304-1374 A.D.FLORENTINESPENT MUCH OF HIS YOUTH IN THE POPE’S COURTFOUND MANY OLD LATIN MANUSCRIPTS TO STUDY. ADMIRED THE WRITERSDISLIKED ARISTOTLEWROTE IN THE VERNACULARMOST FAMOUS WORKS-LOVE POEMS (SONNETS) TO LAURA, WHO DIED OF THE BLACK PLAGUECREATED THE ITALIAN SONNET FORM

CHAUCER

EARLY LITERARY HUMANISTWROTE CANTERBURY TALES

ABOUT A GROUP OF PILGRIMS TRAVELING TO THE SHRINE OF THOMAS A’ BECKETTHEY ARE A GROUP OF VARIOUS CLASSES AND OCCUPATIONS WHO TELL “WORLDLY” TALES TO AMUSE THEMSELVES ON THE WAY TO CANTERBURY

BORN IN ENGLAND IN 1340DIED IN 1405

DANTE

BORN IN 1265; DIED IN 1321EARLY FLORENTINE WRITER; THE 1ST GREAT NAME IN ITALIAN LITERATUREWROTE THE DIVINE COMEDY ABOUT A TRIP THROUGH HELL, PURGATORY, AND HEAVEN WHILE IN EXILE FOR POLITICAL BELIEFS

DANTE WITH A COPY OF THE “DIVINE COMEDY” IN HIS HAND

SCENES FROM “DIVINE COMEDY”

ERASMUS

CONSIDERED THE “PRINCE OF HUMANISM”1466-1536 A.D.DUTCH SCHOLAR AND CHRISTIAN HUMANISTQUESTIONED THE ACCURACY OF CATHOLIC BIBLE TRANSLATIONSMOST FAMOUS WORK THE PRAISE OF FOLLY A SATIRE AGAINST SOCIAL EVILS, “KNOWLEDGE FACTORIES”MADE FUN OF CHURCH PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGED REFORMS

BENVENUTO CELLINI

.ITALIAN GOLDSMITH, PAINTER, MUSICIAN, SOLDIER, AND SCULPTORWROTE THE FIRST MODERN AUTOBIOGRAPHYENCOURAGED OTHERS OF EXCELLENCE TO “DESCRIBE LIFE WITH THEIR OWN HAND”

SIR THOMAS MORE

1478-1535 A.D.ENGLISH LAWYERWROTE UTOPIA ABOUT AN IDEAL STATE FREE OF WAR, POVERTY, AND IGNORANCE(“UTOPIA” ACTUALLY MEANS “NO PLACE”, NOT “IDEAL PLACE”CHIEF ADVISOR TO HENRY VIIIWAS BEHEADED AFTER CROMWELL PLANTED “EVIDENCE” OF TREASON TO HENRY VIII PORTRAIT OF THOMAS MORE

BY HANS HOLBEIN

BOCCACCIO

1313-1375 A.D.FLORENTINEWROTE DECAMERON, STORIES TOLD BY TEN MEN AND WOMEN TO PASS THE TIME AFTER THEY FLED FLORENCE DURING THE PLAGUEA WORLDLY MORALIST

IILLUMINATION OFBOCCACCIO AND PETRARCH

NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI1469-1527 A.D.FROM A FLORENTINE NOBLE FAMILYWROTE THE PRINCE

SAID “MIGHT MAKES RIGHT”SAID KINGS WERE NOT BOUND TO THE SAME RULES OF LAW AND MORALITYREJECTED THE IDEA THAT THE STATE EXISTED FOR THE GLORY OF GODSAID KINGS SHOULD FORGET IDEALS, BUT DO WHAT IS NECESSARY TO REMAIN POPULARSAID A WISE RULER SHOULD NOT OBSERVE FAITHTHOUGHT THE RIGHTS OF THE CITIZENS ARE ONLY WHAT SERVES THE STATESINGLE-HANDEDLY REVOLUTIONIZED THE IDEAS OF GOVERNMENT AND POLITICSDEDICATED THE BOOK TO THE MEDICIMODERN ADVOCATES: HITLER, MUSSOLINI, STALIN, SADDEM,

RABELAIS

1494-1553FRENCH PHYSICIAN AND MONKWROTE THE SATIRIC ROMANCES GARGANTUA AND PANTAGRUEL

LEONARDO DA VINCI

1452-1519

“THE RENAISSANCE MAN”

SUPPORTED BY THE D’ESTE FAMILY AND THE DUKE OF MILAN

MOST FAMOUS WORKS:

“THE LAST SUPPER”

“MONA LISA”

LEONARDO’SSELF-PORTRAIT

“MONA LISA”

IS “MONA LISA” ASELF-PORTRAIT

???

“MADONNA OF THE ROCKS”

“LADY WITH AN ERMINE”

“THE LAST SUPPER”

MICHELANGELO

1475-1564STARTED AS AN APPRENTICE AT 13 (HE BROKE HIS FIRST MASTER’S NOSE IN A FIGHT)SUPPORTED BY THE MEDICI FAMILYTOLD THE POPE “I AM A SCULPTOR, NOT A PAINTER” WHEN ASKED TO PAINT THE SISTINE CHAPELFAMOUS WORKS:

“THE PIETA”SISTINE CHAPEL CEILING“MOSES”“DAVID”TOMB OF JULIUS II

“THE PIETA”MICHELANGELO

THIS IS THE ONLY WORKMICHELANGELO SIGNED

THE STATUE IS

LOCATEDIN THE

VATICAN

STATUE OF “DAVID”

THE STATUE SUMS UP HUMAN DIGNITY AND GREATNESS

THE STATUE

STANDS

14’ TALL

MICHELANGELO

“SAW” DAVID IN

THE PIECE OF

MARBLE

THE SISTINE CHAPEL

HE TOOK FOUR YEARS TO PAINTHE STOOD ON A SCAFFOLDING 70’ HIGHTHE CEILING HAS OVER THREE HUNDRED PERSONAGESHE ALSO PAINTED “THE LAST JUDGMENT”, THE ALTAR PIECE

THE

CREATION

“THE LAST JUDGMENT”

THE “LAST JUDGMENT”

IS THE ALTAR PIECE IN THE

SISTINE CHAPEL

ST. PETER’S CATHEDRAL

MICHELANGELO’SDESIGN FOR THE DOME

ST. PETER’S

CATHEDRAL

TODAY

IN ROME

(VATICAN)

RAPHAEL

BABY ANGELSIN THE

SISTINE CHAPEL

“ST. GEORGE AND THE DRAGON”

“THE SCHOOL OF ATHENS”

CARAVAGGIO (HE’S NOT ON THE LIST…BUT I LOVE HIM!!!)

“DAVID AND GOLIATH”

THE SACRIFICE OF ISAAC”

NORTHERN RENAISSANCE

EMPHASIZED SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND NEED FOR REFORMRELIGION, ETHICS, AND QUESTIONS OF RIGHT AND WRONG WERE FREQUENT SUBJECTSART WAS MOSTLY ABOUT ORDINARY PEOPLE, EVEN SERVANTS, AND EVERYDAY LIFEMANY OF THE ARTISTS EMPHASIZED STRONG LIGHT AND DARK CONTRAST

REMBRANDT VAN RIJN

DUTCH PAINTER1606-1669KNOWN FOR HIS USE OF NATURAL LIGHT ILLUMINATING THE FACES OF HIS SUBJECTS, AGAINST DARK BACKGROUNDSPAINTED COMMON PEOPLE, OFTEN MIDDLE CLASS MERCHANTSDID MANY PORTRAITS AND SELF-PORTRAITS

“ADORATION OF THE SHEPHERDS”

“DEMONSTRATION OF THEANATOMY OF THE ARM”

“ARISTOTLEBEFORE

THE BUST OF HOMER”

“PARABLE OF THE RICH MAN”

“MAN IN AGOLDEN HELMET”

“THE NIGHT WATCH”

“TWO SCHOLARS DISPUTING”(PETER AND PAUL)

“PORTRAIT OF A WOMANWITH OSTRICH FEATHER”

JAN VAN EYCK

ABOUT 1395-DIED 1441DUTCHDID NOT INVENT OIL PAINTS, BUT PERFECTED TECHNIQUES AND EFFECTSHAD HIS OWN SCHOOLHIS BROTHERS WERE ALSO PAINTERSWORKED IN THE COURT AND FOR NOBLES

SENT BY THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY TO PROPOSE TO ISABELLAOF PORTUGAL

WELL-PAID ARTIST

“MAN IN A RED TURBAN”(SELF-PORTRAIT)

“THE ARNOLFINA MARRIAGE”

ALBRECHT DURER1471-1528

GERMAN PAINTER, ENGRAVER, AND MATHEMATICIAN

DID PORTRAITS, INCLUDING SELF-PORTRAITS

HIS MOST FAMOUS WORKS ARE HIS ENGRAVINGS

SELF-PORTRAIT

“KNIGHT, DEATH, AND THE DEVIL”

“ST. JEROME IN HIS STUDY”

RENAISSANCE WOMEN

ISABELLA D’ESTE

ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI

VITTORIA COLONNA

SOFONISBA ANGUISSOLA

MARGUERITE OF NAVARRE

ISABELLA D’ESTA

“THE FIRST LADY OF THE RENAISSANCE”1474-1539 A.D.MARRIED DUKE GONZAGA OF MANTUASTRONG CULTURAL AND POLITICAL FIGUREINFLUENCED BY CASTIGLIONEWELL-EDUCATEDPATRON TO DA VINCI AND RAPHAEL, AS WELL AS OTHERS

PORTRAIT BY TITIAN

WROTE OVER 2000 LETTERSMUSICIAN-PLAYED THE LUTEKNEW GREEK AND LATINFOUNDED A SCHOOL FOR YOUNG WOMENWHEN HER HUSBAND WAS TAKEN CAPTIVE, SHE TOOK OVER THE CITY AND HELD OFF THE INVADERSHER SISTER WAS DUCHESS OF MILAN

SKETCH OF ISABELLABY DA VINCI

ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI

“SUSANNA AND THE ELDERS”

ITALIAN ARTIST KNOWN FOR PICTURES OF

STRONG WOMEN

SELF-PORTRAIT

“JUDITH BEHEADINGHOLOFERNES”

“JUDITH AND THE MAIDENSERVANT”

VITTORIA COLONNA

1490-1547ITALIAN NOBLEWOMANKNOWN FOR HER BEAUTIFUL POETRYMICHELANGELO FELL IN LOVE WITH HER AND WROTE HER MANY SONNETSSHE WAS WIDOWED WHEN HER HUSBAND DIED IN CAPTIVITY FROM HIS WOUNDSVERY RELIGIOUS

SKETCH BYMICHELANGELO

SOFONISBA ANGUISSOLA

1532-1625ITALIAN PAINTERSHE AND HER SISTERS WERE ALL ENCOURAGED BY THEIR FATHER TO PAINTSHE MET MICHELANGELO, WHO ALSO ENCOURAGED HER TALENTFOCUSED ON PORTRAITS, BECAUSE GIRLS COULD NOT PAINT NUDESWAS COURT PAINTER AND LADY-IN-WAITING IN SPAINMARRIED TWICE

SELF-PORTRAIT

“THE CHESS GAME”

SELF-PORTRAIT