Post on 06-Nov-2014
description
© 2013 IBM Corporation
The PowerMatcher –making the electricity grid smarter
EclipseCon Europe 2013
Aldo Eisma, Solution ArchitectIBM Global Business Services, Netherlands
© 2013 IBM Corporation2 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
The energy transition is the shift to sustainable economies through renewable energy, energy efficiency and sustainable development.
Solar
Wind
Solar
Wind
Hydroelectric
Solar
Nuclear
Wind
Energy Storage
Energy Storage
Energy Storage
UTILITY
Plug-in Vehicle
Consumer
Power Flow
Periodic Information Flow
Continuous Information Flow
Coal/Natural Gas
NuclearHydroelectric
UTILITY
Traditional Smart Grid
Coal/Natural Gas
So, what's so smart about the Smart Grid?
© 2013 IBM Corporation3 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
The percentage of renewable energy is growing quickly, but the power grid is not ready…
� Energy is not always generated when it is needed.
– Generation peak does not match consumption.
– Imbalance due to forecasting errors.
� Energy is not always generated where it is needed.
– Transportation losses
– Congestion
– Power quality
� This is threatening to destabilize power grids all
across Europe
2012: 28 % wind power 2020: 50 % wind powerDenmark France, Germany and Belgium
On the weekend of 15th and 16th of June,
Belgium experienced 14 hours of negative
electricity prices, with a three hour peak at
-200 €/MWh, when the average spot
market is usually around 50€/MWh.
Source: EcoGrid EU - A Prototype for European Smart Grids
© 2013 IBM Corporation4 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
Distribution & Operations… could predict & manage outagesbased on history of sensor & meter
data and environmental factors?
Enterprise Analytics… could make better businessdecisions using accurate dataacross all time horizons: past, present and future?
Government, Risk& Compliance…could reduce risk acrossthe enterprise and predictregulatory events beforethey become an issue?Network planning
… could optimize capital expenditure to maximize the value to your operations?
Customer service … could offer personalized guidance on energy usage patterns and incentives to reduce consumption?
Asset Management … could predict impending assetfailure & prevent costly downtime?
The energy transition drives a transformation of the industry
© 2013 IBM Corporation5 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
The approach of IBM for the transformation of distribution is to build and operate Virtual Power Plants, where predictive and reactive optimization is used to meet grid and trading objectives.
� The VPP locally aggregates flexible Distributed Energy Resources
– Combined Heat Power and Fuel Cells
– Heat pump and domestic water heating
– Electric vehicle
– Battery
– Household appliances
– …
Maximize trading flexibility
Min
imiz
e g
rid im
pa
ct
Source: Greenpeace
© 2013 IBM Corporation6 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
Our VPP concept uses PowerMatcher™ for reactive optimization – a multi-agent system that uses a real-time market-based approach
Source: Koen Kok, The PowerMatcher: Smart Coordination for the Smart Electricity Grid
http://dare.ubvu.vu.nl/bitstream/1871/43567/1/dissertation.pdf
© 2013 IBM Corporation7 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
The PowerMatcher matches supply with demand in a radial network, taking network constraints into account
� A bid is an expression of an agent’s intended instant demand and/or supply (negative demand) as a function of the price.
� The price is the amount to be paid by agents for demand (or paid to agents in case of supply) per volume unit.
� The auctioneer calculates the equilibrium price at which supply matches demand.
� A concentrator is an interior node which aggregates bids received from agents further down the grid.
� A concentrator may transform bid and price to satisfy local network constraints.
1 n
price updates
bid updates
1 n
price updates
bid updates
(Batte
ry d
em
and fu
nctio
n)
© 2013 IBM Corporation8 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
The PowerMatcher Information Protocol
� The PowerMatcher Information Protocol defines the standard.
� In 2012, Alliander, IBM and TNO initiated the development of a (draft) protocol standard and a reference implementation for PowerMatcher, as the basis for future projects.
© 2013 IBM Corporation9 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
Requirements for the PowerMatcher Reference Implementation
� Run anywhere in the grid, from home to server, as well as in a simulator environment.
� Scalable from simulator to large-scale deployments.
� Highly modular - assembly of PowerMatcher clusters from components.
� Dynamic model, supporting runtime updates of software and configuration.
� Vendor neutral, heterogeneous environments, open source-able.
OSGi™ - The Dynamic Module System for Java™
© 2013 IBM Corporation10 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
Component life cycle - auctioneer, concentrator and device agents are created and configured as OSGi managed factory components
@Component(name = ConcentratorComponent.COMPONENT_NAME,designateFactory = ConcentratorComponentConfiguration.class)
public class ConcentratorComponent extends Concentrator {
. . .
© 2013 IBM Corporation11 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
The PowerMatcher configuration system
© 2013 IBM Corporation12 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
Connecting an agent to its matcher is declarative and follows the “whiteboard” pattern
1. An adapter factory component is instantiated that tracks the PowerMatcher roles.
2. The agent registers the service for the agent role.
3. The matcher registers the service for the matcher role.
4. The adapter factory connects agents to matchers, filtering on agent and matcher.
configuration properties.
© 2013 IBM Corporation13 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
Supporting multiple protocols and protocol implementations
� Is plug-and-play thanks to the OSGi service and component model and the application of the
whiteboard pattern.
� For example: wide-band and narrow-band messaging protocol and transport.
© 2013 IBM Corporation14 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
Distributed deployment is supported by the MQ Telemetry Transport publish/subscribe messaging protocol
See http://mqtt.org
© 2013 IBM Corporation15 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
OSGi configuration in a distributed deployment
© 2013 IBM Corporation16 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
Auxiliary whiteboard services
� Scalability
– Scheduling services – thread pool
� Simulations
– Time services – actual time versus simulated time
– Time acceleration
� …
© 2013 IBM Corporation17 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
Field test 2013-2014: Couperus Smart Grid, The Hague
� Couperus Ypenburg is a new development project of 300 highly energy efficient homes using ground-source heat pumps for heating and cooling.
� The PowerMatcher objective is to use the energy flexibility of the heat pumps to– compensate market imbalance of a small wind turbine park,– within the capacity constraints of the local grid,– without compromising the comfort of the home owner.
� See http://www.agentschapnl.nl/content/couperus-smart-grid
© 2013 IBM Corporation18 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
Couperus PowerMatcher data for 2013-04-17
© 2013 IBM Corporation19 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
PowerMatcher in the Flexiblepower Alliance Network
� The Flexiblepower Alliance Network (FAN) is an open
industry alliance for the development and promotion of
semantic (de facto) standards, with respect to
communication of and communication with energy
consuming and producing devices for end users. These
standards will facilitate the emergence and use of energy
services, on a uniform, accessible and cost-effective
manner.
� See http://www.flexiblepower.org/
© 2013 IBM Corporation20 The PowerMatcher – making the electricity grid smarter – ECE2013
Thank you!