The Power of Enterprise Java Frameworks

• Clarence Ho • Independent Consultant, Author, Java EE Architect • http://www.skywidesoft.com • clarence@skywidesoft.com

• Presentation can be downloaded from: • http://www.skywidesoft.com/index.php/seminar

• What is an Enterprise Java Framework?

• Overview of popular Enterprise Java Frameworks

• The most popular Enterprise Java framework - Spring Framework

• Resources

• Conclusion

• Q&A

Outline

What is a software framework?

Source: Wikipedia

• A software framework is an abstraction in which software providing generic functionality can be selectively changed by user code, thus providing application specific software.

• A software framework is a universal, reusable software platform used to develop applications, products and solutions.

• Software Frameworks include support programs, compilers, code libraries, an application programming interface (API) and tool sets that bring together all the different components to enable development of a project or solution.

What is a software framework? (cont.)

Source: Wikipedia

1. Inversion of control - In a framework, unlike in libraries or normal user applications, the overall program's flow of control is not dictated by the caller, but by the framework

2. Default behavior - A framework has a default behavior. This default behavior must actually be some useful behavior and not a series of no-ops.

3. Extensibility - A framework can be extended by the user usually by selective overriding or specialized by user code providing specific functionality.

4. Non-modifiable framework code - The framework code, in general, is not allowed to be modified. Users can extend the framework, but not modify its code.

Frameworks contain key distinguishing features that separate them from normal libraries:

What is an application framework?

Source: Wikipedia

An application framework consists of a software framework used by software developers to implement the standard structure of an application for a specific development environment (such as a standalone program or a web application).

Application frameworks became popular with the rise of multi-tiers enterprise applications since these tended to promote a standard structure for applications. Programmers find it much simpler to program when using a standard framework, since this defines the underlying code structure of the application in advance. Developers usually use object-oriented programming techniques to implement frameworks such that the unique parts of an application can simply inherit from pre-existing classes in the framework.

What is an enterprise application framework?

An application framework designed for the implementation of enterprise class applications.

In addition to an application framework, an enterprise application framework should supports the development of a layered architecture, and provide services that can address the requirements on performance, scalability, and availability.

Layers within an enterprise application: - Persistence Layer - Services (Business Logic) Layer - Presentation Layer - Integration Layer (Web Services, Message-based)

Services: - Security - Transaction (local and global transactions) - Caching - Task scheduling and asynchronous task execution - Management and monitoring - Testing - and many more …

What is an enterprise Java framework?

An enterprise application framework designed for the Java language.

Components: - Dependency Injection - AOP (Aspect Oriented Programming) - Persistence - Transactions - Presentation Framework - Web Services - Messaging - Testing

IOC and DI – Main Purpose

Source: Pro Spring 3

At its core, IOC, and therefore DI, aims to offer a simpler mechanism for provisioning component dependencies (often referred to as an object’s collaborators) and managing these dependencies throughout their life cycles. A component that requires certain dependencies is often referred to as the dependent object or, in the case of IOC, the target.

Types of IOC:

Dependency Pull

Contextualized Dependency Lookup (CDL)

Dependency Injection

• Constructor Injection

• Setter Injection

Type of IOC – Dependency Pull

Examples:

- EJB (prior to version 2.1)

- Spring (BeanFactory or ApplicationContext)

Type of IOC – Dependency Pull (cont.)

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // get the bean factory BeanFactory factory = getBeanFactory(); // get the target via dependency pull MessageRenderer mr = (MessageRenderer) factory.getBean("renderer"); // invoke target’s operation mr.render(); }

Dependency Pull in Spring:

Type of IOC – Contextual Dependency Lookup

Contextualized Dependency Lookup (CDL) is similar, in some respects, to Dependency Pull, but in CDL, lookup is performed against the container that is managing the resource, not from some central registry, and it is usually performed at some set point.

Type of IOC – CDL (cont.)

public interface ManagedComponent { public void performLookup(Container container); }

An interface for dependent object:

public interface Container { public Object getDependency(String key); }

package com.apress.prospring3.ch4; public class ContextualizedDependencyLookup implements ManagedComponent { private Dependency dependency; public void performLookup(Container container) { this.dependency = (Dependency) container.getDependency("myDependency"); } }

A container interface:

Obtaining dependency when container is ready:

Type of IOC – Dependency Injection

Spring’s Dependency Injection Mechanism:

public class ConstructorInjection { private Dependency dependency; public ConstructorInjection(Dependency dependency) { this.dependency = dependency; } }

Constructor Injection:

public class SetterInjection { private Dependency dependency; public void setDependency(Dependency dependency) { this.dependency = dependency; } }

Setter Injection:

• A collection of JCP (Java Community Process) standards

• Implemented by all JEE compliant application servers

Oracle Glassfish 3.1 Oracle WebLogic 12c

IBM WebSphere 8.5

JBoss Application Server 7.1

Apache TomEE 1.0.0

JEE 6 – Features/API Overview

Source: JavaOne Presentation by IBM

JBoss Seam Framework

• Designed around JEE standards

• Mainly supported by JBoss Application Server

• Provide a micro-container for use with other AS or Tomcat

• Tightly integrates with other JBoss frameworks and libraries

Jboss Seam Framework – Features/API Overview

Hibernate

RichFaces

Google Guice

• Reference implementation of JSR330 (Dependency Injection for Java)

• Focus on DI only

• Not a full blown enterprise Java framework

Spring Framework

• The most popular enterprise Java framework

• Support all major application servers and web containers

• Support major JEE standards

• Integrates with other popular opensource frameworks and libraries

Spring Framework – Features/API Overview

JEE vs Spring – Features/API Overview

* Similar patterns for validation, remoting, security, scheduling, XML binding, JMX, JCA, JavaMail, caching * Spring also support EJB 3.1, but not CDI

Spring Framework – Main Features

Feature Description Sub-proj.

IOC Container Configuration of application components and lifecycle management of Java objects, done mainly via Dependency Injection

AOP Enables implementation of cross-cutting routines

Data Access Working with relational database management systems on the Java platform using JDBC and object-relational mapping tools and with NoSQL databases

Spring Data projects

Transaction Management

Unifies several transaction management APIs (JDBC, JPA, JTA, etc.) and coordinates transactions for Java objects.

Model-view-controller

An HTTP- and servlet-based framework providing hooks for extension and customization for web applications and RESTful Web Services.

Authentication & Authorization

Configurable security processes that support a range of standards, protocols, tools and practices via the Spring Security sub-project

Spring Security

Remote Management

Configurative exposure and management of Java objects for local or remote configuration via JMX

Messaging Configurative registration of message listener objects for transparent message-consumption from message queues via JMS, improvement of message sending over standard JMS APIs

Testing support classes for writing unit tests and integration tests

Source: Wikipedia

Spring Framework – Latest Features (3.X)

Feature Description Version

Java-based Configuration Use Java classes to configure Spring’s ApplicationContext (Spring JavaConfig was merged into the core Spring Framework since 3.0).

Embedded JDBC DataSource

Embedded database support (by using the <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2"> tag)

Validation with Type Conversion and Formatting

Spring 3 introduce a new type conversion and formatting system, and support of JSR303 Bean Validation API.

Persistence with Spring Data JPA

Spring Data JPA’s Repository abstraction greatly simplifies the development of persistence layer with JPA.

Spring MVC Improved support of RESTful-WS. 3.1

Spring Expression Language A powerful expression language that supports querying and manipulating an object graph at run time.

Profiles A profile instructs Spring to configure only the ApplicationContext that was defined when the specified profile was active

Cache Abstraction A caching abstraction layer that allows consistent use of various caching solutions with minimal impact on the code.

TaskScheduler Abstraction Provides a simple way to schedule tasks and supports most typical requirements.

Other Useful Spring Projects

Project Description Version

Spring Security Configurable security processes that support a range of standards, protocols, tools and practices

Spring Data An umbrella project includes many modules that simplifies the development of persistence layer with various data sources (e.g. JPA, NoSQL, JDBC, Hadoop, etc.)

Spring Batch Provides a standard template and framework for implementing and executing various kinds of batch jobs in an enterprise environment.

Spring Integration Provides an excellent integration environment for enterprise applications.

Spring WebFlow Building on top of Spring MVC’s foundation, Spring Web Flow was designed to provide advanced support for organizing the flows inside a web application.

Spring Mobile An extension to Spring MVC that aims to simplify the development of mobile web applications.

Spring Roo A rapid application development solution for Spring-based enterprise applications

SpringSource Tool Suite

An IDE tools with Eclipse and Spring IDE bundled, together witn numerous tools for developing Spring applications.

Spring Framework – Highlights of Main Features

• Spring Beans Configuration

• Profiles

• Spring AOP

• Persistence with Hibernate and Spring Data JPA

• Spring Expression Language

• Spring MVC

Spring Beans Configuration

• Basic Configuration (XML and Annotations)

• Beans Life-cycle

• Configuration Using Java Classes

Basic Configuration (XML and Annotations)

public interface MessageProvider { public String getMessage(); }

public class HelloWorldMessageProvider implements MessageProvider { public String getMessage() { return "Hello World!"; } }

A simple interface and implementation.

public interface MessageRenderer { public void render(); public void setMessageProvider(MessageProvider provider); public MessageProvider getMessageProvider(); }

public class StandardOutMessageRenderer implements MessageRenderer { private MessageProvider messageProvider = null; public void render() { if (messageProvider == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "You must set the property messageProvider of class:"+ StandardOutMessageRenderer.class.getName()); } System.out.println(messageProvider.getMessage()); } public void setMessageProvider(MessageProvider provider) { this.messageProvider = provider; } public MessageProvider getMessageProvider() { return this.messageProvider; } }

Interface and implementation of a dependent object.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd">  <bean id="messageRenderer“ class="com.apress.prospring3.ch4.xml.StandardOutMessageRenderer“> <property name="messageProvider"> <ref bean="messageProvider"/> </property> </bean> <bean id="messageProvider" class="com.apress.prospring3.ch4.xml.HelloWorldMessageProvider"/> </beans>

XML Configuration of Spring ApplicationContext.

<bean id="messageRenderer“ class="com.apress.prospring3.ch4.xml.StandardOutMessageRenderer“> <property name="messageProvider"> <ref bean="messageProvider"/> </property> </bean>  <bean id="messageRenderer" class="com.apress.prospring3.ch4.xml.StandardOutMessageRenderer" p:messageProvider-ref="messageProvider"/>  <bean id="messageProvider" class="com.apress.prospring3.ch4.xml.ConfigurableMessageProvider"> <constructor-arg> <value>This is a configurable message</value> </constructor-arg> </bean>  <bean id="messageProvide" class="com.apress.prospring3.ch4.xml.ConfigurableMessageProvider" c:message="This is a configurable message"/>

Setter and Constructor Injection.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd"> <!– Scan for Spring Beans Annotations --> <context:annotation-config/> <context:component-scan base-package="com.apress.prospring3.ch4.annotation"/> </beans>

Annotation Configuration of Spring ApplicationContext.

@Service("messageProvider") public class HelloWorldMessageProvider implements MessageProvider {

Setter Injection with Annotations.

@Service("messageRenderer") public class StandardOutMessageRenderer implements MessageRenderer { … @Autowired public void setMessageProvider(MessageProvider provider) { this.messageProvider = provider; } … }

@Service("messageProvider") public class HelloWorldMessageProvider implements MessageProvider {

Constructor Injection with Annotations.

@Service("messageRenderer") public class StandardOutMessageRenderer implements MessageRenderer { … @Autowired public StandardOutMessageRenderer(MessageProvider provider) { this.messageProvider = provider; } … }

Beans Life-cycle

Configuration Using Java Classes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd"> <bean id="messageRenderer" class="com.apress.prospring3.ch5.javaconfig.StandardOutMessageRenderer" p:messageProvider-ref="messageProvider"/> <bean id="messageProvider" class="com.apress.prospring3.ch5.javaconfig.ConfigurableMessageProvider" c:message="This is a configurable message"/> </beans>

A simple XML configuration.

public class JavaConfigSimpleExample { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:app-context.xml"); MessageRenderer renderer = ctx.getBean("messageRenderer", MessageRenderer.class); renderer.render(); } }

Bootstrap Spring ApplicationContext using XML configuration.

@Configuration public class AppConfig { // XML: // <bean id="messageProvider“ class="com.apress.prospring3.ch5.javaconfig.ConfigurableMessageProvider"/> @Bean public MessageProvider messageProvider() { return new ConfigurableMessageProvider(); } // XML: // <bean id="messageRenderer" class="com.apress.prospring3.ch5.javaconfig.StandardOutMessageRenderer" // p:messageProvider-ref="messageProvider"/> @Bean public MessageRenderer messageRenderer() { MessageRenderer renderer = new StandardOutMessageRenderer(); // Setter injection renderer.setMessageProvider(messageProvider()); return renderer; } }

A simple Java configuration class.

public class JavaConfigSimpleExample { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class); MessageRenderer renderer = ctx.getBean("messageRenderer", MessageRenderer.class); renderer.render(); } }

Bootstrap Spring ApplicationContext using Java classes.

@Configuration @Import(OtherConfig.class) // XML: <import resource="classpath:events/events.xml") @ImportResource(value="classpath:events/events.xml") // XML: <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:message.properties"/> @PropertySource(value="classpath:message.properties") // XML: <context:component-scan base-package="com.apress.prospring3.ch5.context"/> @ComponentScan(basePackages={"com.apress.prospring3.ch5.context"}) @EnableTransactionManagement public class AppConfig { @Autowired Environment env; // XML: // <bean id="messageProvider" class="com.apress.prospring3.ch5.javaconfig.ConfigurableMessageProvider"/> @Bean @Lazy(value=true) //XML <bean .... lazy-init="true"/> public MessageProvider messageProvider() { // Constructor injection return new ConfigurableMessageProvider(env.getProperty("message")); }

More Java configurations.

// XML: // <bean id="messageRenderer“ class="com.apress.prospring3.ch5.javaconfig.StandardOutMessageRenderer" // p:messageProvider-ref="messageProvider"/> @Bean(name="messageRenderer") @Scope(value="prototype") // XML: <bean ... scope="prototype"/> @DependsOn(value="messageProvider") // XML: <bean ... depends-on="messageProvider"/> public MessageRenderer messageRenderer() { MessageRenderer renderer = new StandardOutMessageRenderer(); // Setter injection renderer.setMessageProvider(messageProvider()); return renderer; } }

More Java configurations.

Spring Beans Configuration

• Define beans for various application profiles

• Import configurations from all possible profiles

• Set the active profile in different ways

1. Programmatically

2. Web Deployment Descriptor (web.xml)

3. JVM properties during startup

Define Beans for Various Profiles

public class Food { private String name; public Food() { } public Food(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }

Example: a food provider for kindergarten and high school.

The Food class:

public interface FoodProviderService { public List<Food> provideLunchSet(); }

The FoodProviderService interface:

package com.apress.prospring3.ch5.profile.kindergarten; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import com.apress.prospring3.ch5.profile.Food; import com.apress.prospring3.ch5.profile.FoodProviderService; public class FoodProviderServiceImpl implements FoodProviderService { public List<Food> provideLunchSet() { List<Food> lunchSet = new ArrayList<Food>(); lunchSet.add(new Food("Milk")); lunchSet.add(new Food("Biscuits")); return lunchSet; } }

The FoodProviderServiceImpl class for kindergarten profile:

package com.apress.prospring3.ch5.profile.highschool; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import com.apress.prospring3.ch5.profile.Food; import com.apress.prospring3.ch5.profile.FoodProviderService; public class FoodProviderServiceImpl implements FoodProviderService { public List<Food> provideLunchSet() { List<Food> lunchSet = new ArrayList<Food>(); lunchSet.add(new Food("Coke")); lunchSet.add(new Food("Hamburger")); lunchSet.add(new Food("French Fries")); return lunchSet; } }

The FoodProviderServiceImpl class for high school profile:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd" profile="kindergarten"> <bean id="foodProviderService" class="com.apress.prospring3.ch5.profile.kindergarten.FoodProviderServiceImpl"/> </beans>

The XML config file for kindergarten profile (kindergarten-config.xml):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd" profile="highschool"> <bean id="foodProviderService" class="com.apress.prospring3.ch5.profile.highschool.FoodProviderServiceImpl"/> </beans>

The XML config file for high school profile (highschool-config.xml):

public class ProfileXmlConfigExample { public static void main(String[] args) { GenericXmlApplicationContext ctx = new GenericXmlApplicationContext(); ctx.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles("kindergarten"); ctx.load("classpath:profile/*-config.xml"); ctx.refresh(); FoodProviderService foodProviderService = ctx.getBean("foodProviderService", FoodProviderService.class); List<Food> lunchSet = foodProviderService.provideLunchSet(); for (Food food: lunchSet) { System.out.println("Food: " + food.getName()); } } }

Testing program with kindergarten profile activated:

Output: Food: Milk Food: Biscuits

public class ProfileXmlConfigExample { public static void main(String[] args) { GenericXmlApplicationContext ctx = new GenericXmlApplicationContext(); ctx.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles(“highschool"); ctx.load("classpath:profile/*-config.xml"); ctx.refresh(); FoodProviderService foodProviderService = ctx.getBean("foodProviderService", FoodProviderService.class); List<Food> lunchSet = foodProviderService.provideLunchSet(); for (Food food: lunchSet) { System.out.println("Food: " + food.getName()); } } }

Testing program with highschool profile activated:

Output: Food: Coke Food: Hamburger Food: French Fries

Configure Active Profiles

Configure active profile with JVM argument

Configure active profile with JVM argument (in WebSphere)

Configure active profile in Web Deployment Descriptor (web.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <context-param> <param-name>spring.profiles.active</param-name> <param-value>kindergarten</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value> /WEB-INF/spring/*-config.xml </param-value> </context-param> …

Profiles - Conclusion

• Configure Spring beans for different application environments

• Platform (dev, sit, uat, prd)

• Database (oracle, mysql)

• Application specific (kindergarten, highschool)

• When setting active profile with JVM argument, the same application file (e.g. jar, war, ear file, etc.) can be deployed to different environments, which simplifies the deployment process.

Spring AOP

• Key Concepts

• Spring AOP Architecture

• Advice Types in Spring

• Configure AOP in Spring

• Configuring AOP Declaratively

• Using @AspectJ-Style Annotations

Spring AOP – Key Concepts

Concept Description

Joinpoints A well-defined point during the execution of your application. Typical examples of joinpoints include a call to a method, the Method Invocation itself, class initialization, and object instantiation. Joinpoints are a core concept of AOP and define the points in your application at which you can insert additional logic using AOP.

Advice The code that is executed at a particular joinpoint is the advice. There are many different types of advice, such as before, which executes before the joinpoint, and after, which executes after it.

Pointcuts A pointcut is a collection of joinpoints that you use to define when advice should be executed. A typical joinpoint is a Method Invocation. A typical pointcut is the collection of all Method Invocations in a particular class.

Aspects An aspect is the combination of advice and pointcuts. This combination results in a definition of the logic that should be included in the application and where it should execute.

Weaving This is the process of actually inserting aspects into the application code at the appropriate point. Mechanisms include compile-time weaving and load-time weaving.

Target An object whose execution flow is modified by some AOP process is referred to as the target object. Often you see the target object referred to as the advised object.

Spring AOP – Architecture

The core architecture of Spring AOP is based around proxies.

Spring AOP – Advice Types

Advice Type Description

Before Using before advice, you can perform custom processing before a joinpoint executes. Because a joinpoint in Spring is always a Method Invocation, this essentially allows you to perform preprocessing before the method executes.

After returning After-returning advice is executed after the Method Invocation at the joinpoint has finished executing and has returned a value.

After (finally) After-returning advice is executed only when the advised method completes normally. However, the after (finally) advice will be executed no matter the result of the advised method. The advice is executed even when the advised method fails and an exception is thrown.

Around In Spring, around advice is modeled using the AOP Alliance standard of a method interceptor. Your advice is allowed to execute before and after the Method Invocation, and you can control the point at which the Method Invocation is allowed to proceed. You can choose to bypass the method altogether if you want, providing your own implementation of the logic.

Throws Throws advice is executed after a Method Invocation returns, but only if that invocation threw an exception. It is possible for a throws advice to catch only specific exceptions, and if you choose to do so, you can access the method that threw the exception, the arguments passed into the invocation, and the target of the invocation.

Spring AOP – Configure AOP Declaratively

An example using the aop namespace

The MyDependency Class: public class MyDependency { public void foo(int intValue) { System.out.println("foo(int): " + intValue); } public void bar() { System.out.println("bar()"); } }

The MyBean Class: public class MyBean { private MyDependency dep; public void execute() { dep.foo(100); dep.foo(101); dep.bar(); } public void setDep(MyDependency dep) { this.dep = dep; } }

The MyAdvice Class:

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint; public class MyAdvice { public void simpleBeforeAdvice(JoinPoint joinPoint) { System.out.println("Executing: " + joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName() + " " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName()); } }

Spring ApplicationContext Configuration File:

… <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="fooExecution“ expression="execution(* com.apress.prospring3.ch7..foo*(int))"/> <aop:aspect ref="advice"> <aop:before pointcut-ref="fooExecution“ method="simpleBeforeAdvice"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> <bean id="advice" class="com.apress.prospring3.ch7.aopns.MyAdvice"/> <bean id="myDependency“ class="com.apress.prospring3.ch7.aopns.MyDependency"/> <bean id="myBean" class="com.apress.prospring3.ch7.aopns.MyBean"> <property name="dep" ref="myDependency"/> </bean> …

Testing program:

public class AopNamespaceExample { public static void main(String[] args) { GenericXmlApplicationContext ctx = new GenericXmlApplicationContext(); ctx.load("classpath:aopns.xml"); ctx.refresh(); MyBean myBean = (MyBean) ctx.getBean("myBean"); myBean.execute(); } }

Output: Executing: com.apress.prospring3.ch7.aopns.MyDependency foo foo(int): 100 Executing: com.apress.prospring3.ch7.aopns.MyDependency foo foo(int): 101 bar()

Spring AOP – Using @AspectJ Style Annotations

@Component("myDependency") public class MyDependency { public void foo(int intValue) { System.out.println("foo(int): " + intValue); } public void bar() { System.out.println("bar()"); } }

The MyBean Class: @Component("myBean") public class MyBean { @Autowired private MyDependency myDependency; public void execute() { myDependency.foo(100); myDependency.foo(101); myDependency.bar(); } }

The MyDependency Class:

Spring AOP – Using @AspectJ Style Annotations

The MyAdvice Class: @Component @Aspect public class MyAdvice { @Pointcut("execution(* com.apress.prospring3.ch7..foo*(int)) && args(intValue)") public void fooExecution(int intValue) { } @Pointcut("bean(myDependency*)") public void inMyDependency() { } @Before("fooExecution(intValue) && inMyDependency()") public void simpleBeforeAdvice(JoinPoint joinPoint, int intValue) { // Execute only when intValue is not 100 if (intValue != 100) { System.out.println("Executing: " + joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName() + " " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + " argument: " + intValue); } } @Around("fooExecution(intValue) && inMyDependency()") public Object simpleAroundAdvice(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, int intValue) throws Throwable { …

Spring Persistence – Hibernate and JPA

A simple contact application

Data Model:

Domain Object Model:

The Contact class with JPA mapping annotations:

@Entity @Table(name = "contact") public class Contact implements Serializable { private Long id; private int version; private String firstName; private String lastName; private Date birthDate; @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = IDENTITY) @Column(name = "ID") public Long getId() { return this.id; } @Version @Column(name = "VERSION") public int getVersion() { return this.version; }

@Column(name = "FIRST_NAME") public String getFirstName() { return this.firstName; } @Column(name = "LAST_NAME") public String getLastName() { return this.lastName; } @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE) @Column(name = "BIRTH_DATE") public Date getBirthDate() { return this.birthDate; } … }

The ContactTelDetail class with JPA mapping annotations:

@Entity @Table(name = "contact_tel_detail") public class ContactTelDetail implements Serializable { private Long id; private int version; private String telType; private String telNumber; … @Column(name = "TEL_TYPE") public String getTelType() { return this.telType; } @Column(name = "TEL_NUMBER") public String getTelNumber() { return this.telNumber; } }

The Hobby class with JPA mapping annotations:

@Entity @Table(name = "hobby") public class Hobby implements Serializable { private String hobbyId; @Id @Column(name = "HOBBY_ID") public String getHobbyId() { return this.hobbyId; } public void setHobbyId(String hobbyId) { this.hobbyId = hobbyId; } public String toString() { return "Hobby :" + getHobbyId(); } }

One-to-many mapping between Contact and ContactTelDetail class:

@Entity @Table(name = "contact") public class Contact implements Serializable { // Other code omitted private Set<ContactTelDetail> contactTelDetails = new HashSet<ContactTelDetail>(); @OneToMany(mappedBy = "contact", cascade=CascadeType.ALL, orphanRemoval=true) public Set<ContactTelDetail> getContactTelDetails() { return this.contactTelDetails; } }

@Entity @Table(name = "contact_tel_detail") public class ContactTelDetail implements Serializable { // Other code omitted private Contact contact; @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name = "CONTACT_ID") public Contact getContact() { return this.contact; } }

Many-to-many mapping between Contact and Hobby class:

@Entity @Table(name = "contact") public class Contact implements Serializable { // Rest of code omitted private Set<Hobby> hobbies = new HashSet<Hobby>(); @ManyToMany @JoinTable(name = "contact_hobby_detail", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "CONTACT_ID"), inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn( name = "HOBBY_ID")) public Set<Hobby> getHobbies() { return this.hobbies; } }

@Entity @Table(name = "hobby") public class Hobby implements Serializable { // Other code omitted private Set<Contact> contacts = new HashSet<Contact>(); @ManyToMany @JoinTable(name = "contact_hobby_detail", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "HOBBY_ID"), inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn( name = "CONTACT_ID")) public Set<Contact> getContacts() { return this.contacts; } }

Query data using Java Persistence Query Language

Define named queries for the Contact domain class:

@Table(name = "contact") @NamedQueries({ @NamedQuery(name="Contact.findAll", query="select c from Contact c"), @NamedQuery(name="Contact.findById", query="select distinct c from Contact c left join fetch c.contactTelDetails t left join fetch c.hobbies h where c.id = :id"), @NamedQuery(name="Contact.findAllWithDetail", query="select distinct c from Contact c left join fetch c.contactTelDetails t left join fetch c.hobbies h") }) public class Contact implements Serializable { // Other code omitted }

The ContactService interface:

public interface ContactService { // Find all contacts public List<Contact> findAll(); // Find all contacts with telephone and hobbies public List<Contact> findAllWithDetail(); // Find a contact with details by id public Contact findById(Long id); // Insert or update a contact public Contact save(Contact contact); // Delete a contact public void delete(Contact contact); }

Implementing the findAll() method:

// Import statements omitted @Service("jpaContactService") @Repository @Transactional public class ContactServiceImpl implements ContactService { @PersistenceContext private EntityManager em; // Other code omitted @Transactional(readOnly=true) public List<Contact> findAll() { List<Contact> contacts = em.createNamedQuery("Contact.findAll", Contact.class).getResultList(); return contacts; } }

Insert/update data with JPA

Implementing the save() method:

// Import statements omitted @Service("jpaContactService") @Repository @Transactional public class ContactServiceImpl implements ContactService { // Other code omitted public Contact save(Contact contact) { if (contact.getId() == null) { // Insert Contact log.info("Inserting new contact"); em.persist(contact); } else { // Update Contact em.merge(contact); log.info("Updating existing contact"); } log.info("Contact saved with id: " + contact.getId()); return contact; } }

Delete data with JPA

Implementing the delete() method:

// Import statements omitted @Service("jpaContactService") @Repository @Transactional public class ContactServiceImpl implements ContactService { private Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ContactServiceImpl.class); // Other code omitted public void delete(Contact contact) { Contact mergedContact = em.merge(contact); em.remove(mergedContact); log.info("Contact with id: " + contact.getId() + " deleted successfully"); } }

Spring Persistence

Spring Framework integrates with the following data access frameworks:

• JDBC

• Hibernate 3/4

• iBatis

• JDO (Java Data Objects)

• JPA

Spring Persistence – Spring Data

Spring Data – Modern Data Access for Enterprise Java

Category Sub-Project Description

Common Infrastructure

Commons Provides shared infrastructure for use across various data access projects.

RDBMS JPA Spring Data JPA - Simplifies the development of creating a JPA-based data access layer

JDBC Extensions Support for Oracle RAC, Advanced Queuing, and Advanced datatypes. Support for using QueryDSL with JdbcTemplate.

Big Data Apache Hadoop The Apache Hadoop project is an open-source implementation of frameworks for reliable, scalable, distributed computing and data storage.

Data Grid GemFire VMware vFabric GemFire is a distributed data management platform providing dynamic scalability, high performance, and database-like persistence. It blends advanced techniques like replication, partitioning, data-aware routing, and continuous querying.

HTTP REST Spring Data REST - Perform CRUD operations of your persistence model using HTTP and Spring Data Repositories.

Key Value Store Redis Redis is an open source, advanced key-value store.

Document Store MongoDB MongoDB is a scalable, high-performance, open source, document-oriented database.

Spring Persistence – Spring Data JPA

Main Features:

• Sophisticated support to build repositories based on Spring and JPA

• Support for QueryDSL predicates and thus type-safe JPA queries

• Transparent auditing of domain class

• Pagination support, dynamic query execution, ability to integrate custom data access code

• Validation of @Query annotated queries at bootstrap time

• Support for XML based entity mapping

Spring Data JPA Repository Abstraction

The CrudRepository interface:

package org.springframework.data.repository; import java.io.Serializable; @NoRepositoryBean public interface CrudRepository<T, ID extends Serializable> extends Repository<T, ID> { T save(T entity); Iterable<T> save(Iterable<? extends T> entities); T findOne(ID id); boolean exists(ID id); Iterable<T> findAll(); long count(); void delete(ID id); void delete(T entity); void delete(Iterable<? extends T> entities); void deleteAll(); }

The revised ContactService interface:

public interface ContactService { // Find all contacts public List<Contact> findAll(); // Find contacts by first name public List<Contact> findByFirstName(String firstName); // Find contacts by first name and last name public List<Contact> findByFirstNameAndLastName(String firstName, String lastName); }

Implementing the revised ContactRepository interface:

public interface ContactRepository extends CrudRepository<Contact, Long> { public List<Contact> findByFirstName(String firstName); public List<Contact> findByFirstNameAndLastName(String firstName, String lastName); }

<jpa:repositories base-package="com.apress.prospring3.ch10.repository" entity-manager-factory-ref="emf" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"/>

Spring ApplicationContext Configuration:

Implementing the ContactService interface with Spring Data JPA:

public class ContactServiceImpl implements ContactService { @Autowired private ContactRepository contactRepository; @Transactional(readOnly=true) public List<Contact> findAll() { return Lists.newArrayList(contactRepository.findAll()); } @Transactional(readOnly=true) public List<Contact> findByFirstName(String firstName) { return contactRepository.findByFirstName(firstName); } @Transactional(readOnly=true) public List<Contact> findByFirstNameAndLastName(String firstName, String lastName) { return contactRepository.findByFirstNameAndLastName(firstName, lastName); } }

Benefits:

• Don’t need to prepare a named query

• Don’t need to call the EntityManager.createQuery() method

• Defining custom queries with the @Query annotation

• The Specification feature

Spring Expression Language (SpEL)

What is SpEL?

• A powerful expression language

• Much like OGNL, MVEL, JBoss EL, JSP EL, etc.

• Supports querying and manipulating an object graph at run time

• Can be used across all Spring projects (Spring Framework, Batch, Integration, Security, Webflow, etc.)

• Can be used outside of Spring

Features

• expressions

• accessing properties, arrays, etc.

• assignment

• method invocation

• collection selection & projection

• etc.

SpEL Fundamentals

• ExpressionParser

• Expression

getValue

setValue

• EvaluationContext

setVariable

propertyAccessor

Expression Access

• Programming

parser.parseExpression(“expression for root”)

parser.parseExpression(“#expression for variable”)

• Configuration XML / @Value

#{expression}

• Custom Template

Parser.parseExpression(“it is #{expression}”)

Programming SpEL

Expression Evaluation – A simple example

Evaluate a simple string expression:

ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser(); // Simple expression evaluation Expression exp = parser.parseExpression("'Hello World'"); String message = exp.getValue(String.class); System.out.println("Message: " + message);

Chaining of expression evaluation and get the result:

ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser(); // Simple expression evaluation String message = parser.parseExpression("'Hello World'").getValue(String.class)

Programming SpEL

Expression Evaluation – A simple example

Literal expressions:

ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser(); double value = parser.parseExpression(“6.0221415E+23”).getValue(Double.class); int value = parser.parseExpression(“0x7FFFFFFF”).getValue(Integer.class); Date someDate = parser.parseExpression(“’2012/07/09’”).getValue(Date.class); boolean result = parser.parseExpression(“true”).getValue(); Object someObj = parser.parseExpression(“null”).getValue();

Programming SpEL

Evaluation Expressions Against an Object Instance Expression is evaluated against a specific object instance (called the root object) 2 options

Use EvaluationContext (root object is the same for every invocation) Pass the object instance to getValue() method

Use EvaluationContext:

ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser(); Contact contact = new Contact("Scott", "Tiger", 30); // Contact(firstName, lastName, age) // SpEL against object with EvaluationContext Expression exp = parser.parseExpression("firstName"); EvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext(contact); // contact is the root object String firstName = exp.getValue(context, String.class);

Calling getValue() and pass in the root object:

ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser(); // SpEL against object by calling getValue() contact.setFirstName("Clarence"); firstName = exp.getValue(contact, String.class); // pass in contact as the root object

Programming SpEL

Expression Support for Bean Definitions

XML Configuration:

Programming SpEL

Annotation Configuration

@Component("applicationConfig") public class ApplicationConfig { @Value("#{systemProperties['user.home']}") private String baseFolder; … }

ApplicationConfig.java:

@Component("batchJobConfig") public class BatchJobConfig { @Value("#{systemProperties['file.separator'] + 'batchjob'}") private String batchJobFolder; … }

BatchJobConfig.java:

Programming SpEL

Annotation Configuration (cont.)

@Component("sampleBatchJob") public class SampleBatchJob { @Value("#{applicationConfig.baseFolder + batchJobConfig.batchJobFolder + systemProperties['file.separator'] + 'simplejob'}") private String inputFolder; … }

SampleBatchJob.java:

Result of sample batch job input folder (example): /usr/home/user/batchjob/simplejob

Programming SpEL

Language Highlights

Object Properties:

#{person.name}

#{person.Name}

#{person.getName()}

Programming SpEL

Language Highlights

Collections:

#{list[0]}

#{list[0].name}

#{map[‘key’]}

Programming SpEL

Language Highlights

Methods:

#{‘Some Text’.substring(0,2)}

#{‘Some Text’.startsWith(‘text’)}

#{“variable.toString()”}

Programming SpEL

Language Highlights

Relational Operators:

#{5 == 5} or #{5 eq 5}

#{‘black’ > ‘block’} or #{‘black’ gt ‘block’}

#{‘text’ instanceof T(int)}

#{‘5.00’ matches ‘^-?\\d+(\\.\\d{2})?$’}

Programming SpEL

Language Highlights

Arithmetic Operators:

#{5 + 5}

#{(5 + 5) * 2}

#{17 / 5 % 3}

#{‘Hello’ + ‘ ‘ + ‘world’}

Programming SpEL

Language Highlights

Logical Operators:

#{true or false}

#{true}

#{not isUserInGroup(‘admin’)}

Programming SpEL

Language Highlights

Type Operators:

#{T(java.util.Date)}

#{T(String)}

#{T(int)}

Accessing static class members

#{T(Math).PI}

#{T(Math).random()}

Programming SpEL

Language Highlights

instanceof:

#{‘text’ instanceof T(String)}

#{27 instanceof T(Integer)}

#{false instanceof T(Boolean)}

Programming SpEL

Language Highlights

Constructor:

#{new org.training.spel.Contact(‘Scott’,’Tiger’,30)}

#{list.add(new org.training.spel.Person())}

Programming SpEL

Language Highlights

If-then-else:

#{person.age>50 ? ’Old’ : ’Young’}

#{person.name ?: ‘N/A’}

Programming SpEL

Language Highlights

Safe navigation:

#{address.city?.name}

#{person.name?.length()}

Programming SpEL

Language Highlights

Collection selection:

Select all

#{list.?[age>20]}

#{list.?[name.startsWith(‘D’)]}

Select first

#{list.^[age>20]}

Select last

#{list.$[getAge()>20]}

Programming SpEL

Language Highlights

Collection projection:

Select the names of all elements

#{list.![name]}

Select the names’ length of all elements

#{list.![name.length()]}

Programming SpEL

More Advance Features

Register custom functions in EvaluationContext

Expression templating

Access to Spring context

Programming SpEL

Summary

One of the main new feature in Spring 3

Works with all Spring projects

Can be used outside of Spring

Very useful for wiring bean properties

Will be mostly used in XML and Annotations based beans definitions

Spring MVC

Main Features

Support MVC pattern for Web Application

Native supports for i18n, themes, content negotiation

Comprehensive support of RESTful-WS

Support JSR-303 Bean Validation API

Integrates with popular web frameworks and view technologies

Apache Struts

Apache Tiles

JavaScript

Spring MVC

Introducing MVC

A model represents the business data as well as the “state” of the application within the context of the user. For example, in an e-commerce web site, the model will include the user profile information, shopping cart data, and order data if users purchase goods on the site.

This presents the data to the user in the desired format, supports interaction with users, and supports client-side validation, i18n, styles, and so on.

Controller

The controller handles requests for actions performed by users in the frontend, interacting with the service layer, updating the model, and directing users to the appropriate view based on the result of execution.

Spring MVC

The MVC Pattern

Spring MVC

Spring MVC WebApplicationContext Hierarchy

Spring MVC

Spring MVC Request Handling Life-cycle

SpringBlog

Main Features

Allow users to view and post blog entries

Allow users to post comments on blog entries

Allow users to upload attachment for blog entries

Support AOP for filtering bad words

Support multiple languages (English, Chinese)

Support multiple databases (H2, MySQL)

Support multiple data access frameworks (Hibernate, MyBatis)

Provides RESTful-WS for retrieving blog entries

Supports batch upload of blog entries from XML files

Presentation layer

Built with Spring MVC, JSPX and jQuery JavaScript library

SpringBlog

Application Layered Architecture

SpringBlog

Sample Screen – Viewing Blog Post Entries:

SpringBlog

Sample Screen – Posting Blog Post Entries:

SpringBlog

Obtaining the source code

Download from the Pro Spring 3 book page (free)

http://www.apress.com/downloadable/download/sample/sample_id/1282/

Checkout from GitHub

https://github.com/prospring3/springblog

Need Help!!! Visit Pro Spring 3 discussion forum

http://www.skywidesoft.com/index.php/discussions/index/pro-spring-3

Conclusion

Java Enterprise Framework

Provides a skeleton for building enterprise applications in Java

Provides out-of-the-box support of critical technologies

DI, AOP, Data Access, Web, RESTful-WS, etc.

Tightly integrates with JEE standards

JPA, JTA, Bean Validation, JSF, and many others

Conclusion

Spring Framework

The most popular Java Enterprise Application framework

Supports/compatible with all major JEE standards

A large number of projects for supporting specific needs:

Spring Security

Spring Batch

Spring Integration

Spring Data

Spring WebFlow

Spring Mobile

Over 2 million developers are using Spring

Excellent documentation and vibrant community

The Power of Enterprise Java Frameworks

Technology

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