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The Participle and the
Participle Phrase
English-2
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Verbals and Verbal Phrases
• A VERBAL is a word that isformed from a verb but is used
as a noun, an adjective or anadverb.
• There are 3 types of verbals
• The participle
• The gerund
• The infinitive
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The Participle
• A participle is a verb form thatcan be used as an adjective.
• 1. Present participles end in – ing• Ex) The smiling child waved.
– Smiling , a form of the verb smile,modifies the noun child.
• Ex) The horses trotting past were notfrightened by the crowd.
– Trotting, a form of the verb trot, modifies the noun horses.
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Examples
• 2. Most past participles end in– d
or – ed. Some past participles are
irregularly formed.
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Examples
• Ex.) The police officers searched the
abandoned warehouse.
– Abandoned, a form of the verb
abandon, modifies the noun, warehouse.
• Ex.) This plate, bought at a flea
market, is a valuable antique.
• Ex.) Chosen for her leadershipabilities, Dawn was an effective team
captain.
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*One last Tip:
• Do not confuse a participle used
as an adjective with a participle
used as part of a verb phrase.• ADJECTIVE: Planning their trip, the class learned
how to read a road map.
• VERB PHRASE: While they were planning their
trip, the class learned how to read a road map.
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The Participial Phrase
• A participal phrase consists of a
participal and any modifiers or
complements the participle has.The entire phrase is used as an
adjective.
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Modifier
• A participle may be modified by
an adverb or an adverb phrase
and may also have acomplement, usually a direct
object.
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Examples
• Seeing itself in the mirror, the
duck seemed quite amused.
• The participal phrase modifies thenoun duck. The pronoun itself is the
direct object of the present participle
seeing. The adverb phrase in the
mirror modifies the present participle seeing.
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Examples
• After a while , we heard the
duck quacking noisily at its own
image.• The participal phrase modifies the noun duck.
The adverb noisily and the adverb phrase at its
own image modify the present participle
quacking.
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Examples:
• Then, disgusted with the other
duck, it pecked the mirror.• The participal phrase modifies the pronoun it.
The adverb phrase with the other duck modifies
the past participle disgusted.
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participial phrase
• A participial phrase should be placedas close as possible to the word itmodifies. Otherwise, the phrase mayappear to modify another word andthe sentence may not make sense.
• MISPLACED: Slithering through the grass, I sawa snake trimming the hedges this morning.
• CORRECTED: Trimming the hedges thismorning, I saw a snake slithering through thegrass.