Post on 30-Dec-2015
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The New Metropolis
The New Metropolis
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Henry George: “Poverty Amid Progress”
• “as savings in production and exchange are made possible by denser settlement”
• [regarding communities with little progress]“while you won’t find wealth in all its effects, neither will you find beggars-”
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City Organization
• Districts• Ethnic enclaves• Suburbs• Transportation• Planning– Eg: Chicago
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What social and political institutions helped poor & immigrant newcomers adapt to urban life during the Gilded Age?
Terms: Ethnic ”ghettos”, Immigrant newspapers, Ward Politics, Reform Judaism, Ethnic Catholic Parishes, YMCA
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Technology Fosters Urban Growth
• Steel• Skyscrapers• Electricity• Tenements
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• Entertainment– Vaudeville– Nickelodeons– Amusement Parks– Spectator Sports
• Music– Ragtime– Blues– Musical theatre
• Sex & the city
• High Culture– Museums– Opera halls– Public Libraries
Urban Life & Society
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Carnegie Hall 1891
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Standard of Living = Leisure
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Big Picture Question: How did the wealthy and middle classes of Gilded Age differ in their expressions of social status?
Terms: Nob Hill & 5th Avenue, NYC Metropolitan Opera House, McAllister’s Social Register, “white-collar” jobs, “streetcar suburbs”
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Shame of the Cities…
• Political Machines– Definition..– In practice– Service– beneficiaries– Corruption
• Ex: Tammany Hall, St Louis, Memphis, San Francisco
• Successes– Immigrant services– Voter registration– Parks– Utilities– Facilities
– Chicago v. Berlin
In the absence of government service, private interests…
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How effectively did urban leaders face crowding, safety & transportation challenges in major American cities during the Gilded Age ?
Mass Transit, Skyscrapers, Electricity, Chicago Fire, San Francisco Earthquake, Streetcars, Urban Environmental Hazards, Dumbbell Tenements, "City Beautiful” Movement, Chicago vs. Berlin
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Machine Politics
• Problems reveal limits– Crises:
• Galveston-hurricane• Cleveland labor strikes• Chicago fire (1871)• SF Earthquake (1906)
– Economic Depression• (1890s)
– Overpopulation
• Reforming Politicians– Tom Johnson (Cleveland)– Josiah Quincy (Boston)– Hazen Pingree (Detroit)
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What factors encouraged American cities grow significantly during the Gilded Age?Terms: Sister Carrie, Causes of Urbanization, Pittsburg, Pullman & New York
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Problems Revealed by Muckrakers
• Lincoln Steffens• Jacob Riis• Ida Tarbell• Julius Chambers• Ray Stannard Baker
• Reforms– Public health– Prostitution– Settlement houses