Post on 18-Jan-2016
The Nervous System[Class Number Section]
[Instructor Name]
Overview (Pt.1)
• Brain Myths• Complexity• Development• Structure– Name That Nervous System
• Telencephalon
Mythbusters: 8 Myths about the Human Brain
1) Einstein’s brain was different than our brains.
2) We only use 10% of our brain.
3) Listening to Mozart makes you smarter.
4) People are either “right-brained” or “left-brained”.
5) Drinking alcohol always kills brain cells.
6) Brain damage is always permanent.
7) The heart is more important for love than the brain.
8) The human brain is larger than any other animal brain.
Evolution of the Mammalian Brain
Overview (Pt.1)
• Brain Myths• Complexity• Development• Structure– Name That Nervous System
• Telencephalon
Complexity
Overview (Pt.1)
• Brain Myths• Complexity• Development• Structure– Name That Nervous System
• Telencephalon
Development
Important Terms1. Neural crest2. Neuroblasts3. Neuroepithelium4. Neural induction5. Ectoderm6. Rostrocaudal7. Forebrain
DefinitionsA. 1 of 3 layers in the embryoB. Contains the cerebral
hemispheres, thalamus, and hypothalamus
C. Lining of neural tubeD. Progenitor cellsE. Neurons outside the neural crestF. Head-to-tail directionG. Process that forms neural tube
Matching Exercise
Overview (Pt.1)
• Brain Myths• Complexity• Development• Structure– Name That Nervous System
• Telencephalon
Structure of the Nervous System
Human Nervous System
Human Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Structure: Peripheral Nervous System
Name that Nervous System
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Sympathetic
Somatic
Overview (Pt.1)
• Brain Myths• Complexity• Development• Structure– Name That Nervous System
• Telencephalon
TelencephalonFrontal Lobe Parietal Lobe
Temporal LobeOccipital Lobe
PART 2: THE BRAIN AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Overview (Pt.2)
• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy
• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques
Activity: Showercap Mindmap
1. Label each of the 4 lobes with blue label
2. Label specialized areas with green: corpus callosum, Broca’s Area, Wernicke’s area
3. Label information processing with yellow, include areas for: hearing, heat, pain and temperature, and integration of information
4. Label cortex areas in orange, include: motor, association, somatosensory, auditory, and visual
Overview (Pt.2)
• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy
• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques
The Hemispheres
Right Brain Visual Hemisphere Controls left side of body
Splitting is the Key
Left Brain Language Hemisphere Controls right side of body
Hemispherectomy
What is it?
Living with half a brain
Is this the norm?
Is it effective?
Overview (Pt.2)
• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy
• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques
Structure: Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System
TelencephalonTelencephalon
DiencephalonDiencephalon
MesencephalonMesencephalon
MetencephalonMetencephalon
MyelencephalonMyelencephalon
Central Nervous System: Forebrain & Midbrain
Diencephalon Forebrain
Thalamus - Gatekeepero Lateral Geniculate
Nucleus
Hypothalamus - Regulation
Mesencephalon Mid Brain
Reticular Formation + Brainstemo Visual/Auditory Info
Central Nervous System: Hindbrain
Metencephalon Hindbrain
Ponso Sensory/Motor Info
Cerebellumo Little Braino Coordination
Myelencephalon Hindbrain
Medulla Oblongatao Basic Survival
Overview (Pt.2)
• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy
• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques
The Limbic System
Amygdala Arousal and Emotion
Basal Ganglia Movement/Coordination
Cingulate Gyrus Directing attention
Overview (Pt.2)
• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy
• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques
Brain Matter Matters
Early Brain StudyPhrenology
NeuroanatomyPost-mortem dissectionCAT or MRI Scanners
Brain MatterGray matter NeuronsWhite matter Myelin
Overview (Pt.2)
• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy
• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques
Brainstem
Structure Medulla Pons Midbrain Diencephalon
Function Survival Sleep/Wake Cycle Sensory/Motor Function Growth/hormonal
behaviors
Overview (Pt.2)
• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy
• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques
Neuroimaging
Electroencephalography (EEG) Electrical Activity
Neuroimaging
Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) & Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Structure
Neuroimaging
Positron Emission Topography (PET) Blood Flow
Neuroimaging
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Blood flow
Neuroimaging
Diffuse Optical Imaging (DOI) Oxygenation & Activity
Overview (Pt.2)
• Mindmap Activity• The Hemispheres– Hemispherectomy
• Structure: Central Nervous System• The Limbic System• Brain Matter Matters• Brain Stem• Neuroimaging Techniques• Brain Stimulation Techniques
Brain Manipulation Techniques
Non-human experimental methods Lesions or Ablations Case Studies
Human experimental methods Transcranial Magnetic
Stimulation (TMS) Transcranial Direct Current
Stimulation (tDCS)
Photo Attribution
Slide 1Photo Credit: synapse Allan Ajifo https://www.flickr.com/photos/125992663@N02/14414381350 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Slide 13Photo Credit: Previa Nico Ibieta https://www.flickr.com/photos/64006960@N00/3690647743/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
Slide 13
Photo Credit: Daily News Golden Gloves Boxing Mike L Photo's https://www.flickr.com/photos/8725162@N07/5871348997/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Slide 13Photo Credit: léger saminblue https://www.flickr.com/photos/8170285@N07/3321585200/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
Slide 13Photo Credit: fast fingers KatieKrueger https://www.flickr.com/photos/22220144@N06/2351656805/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
Slide 20Photo Credit: Explaining Things MTSOfan https://www.flickr.com/photos/8628862@N05/10392724753/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
Slide 20Photo Credit: DIY Spiderman Tormod Ulsberg https://www.flickr.com/photos/29891476@N00/10911218636/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/
Slide 21Photo Credit: Human brain, medial view EUSKALANATO https://www.flickr.com/photos/euskalanato/1971827663/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
Slide 27Photo Credit: Braggin‘ wildwise studio https://www.flickr.com/photos/81716653@N00/8813707262/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/
Slide 29Photo Credit: Scan_05_17 bucaorg (Paul Burnett) https://www.flickr.com/photos/bucaorg/7254702496/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/
Slide 31Photo Credit: Brain Stem OpenStax College http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1311_Brain_Stem.jpg http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en
Slide 33Photo Credit: autism neuroimaging study Ian Ruotsala http://www.flickr.com/photos/ian_ruotsala/189736044/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
Slide 34
Photo Credit: prepping subject for mri scan pennstatenews https://www.flickr.com/photos/53130103@N05/9504982576/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/
Photo Attribution
Slide 35Photo Credit: Reigh LeBlanc https://www.flickr.com/photos/12845794@N04/1372175973/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
Slides 36 & 37
Photo Credit: Default mode network-WRNMMC John Graner https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_functional_connectivity#/media/File:Default_mode_network-WRNMMC.jpg Public Domain
Slide 39Photo Credit: Unknown NIMH author http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NIMH_MEG.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain