The Second Civil war of Sudan

-1983-Conflict between Southern, non-Arab population (ex: The Nuer), against the northern, Arab-dominated government.

Decolonization of Sudan left Northern with more power in the government

Long history of slave raids by Northerns had left the South in fear

Unrest in the southSoutherners wanted self-government or absolute secession.

North wanted to control South for its resources

-Arabs vs. Africans-Muslims vs. Christians or

traditional African religions

The war as a racial or religious conflict

- Government troops and government-sponsored militias systematically attacked villages in southern Sudan.- 1.9 million civilians were killed- 4 million forced to flee- A peace agreement in 2005 officially ended the War- One of the longest lasting and deadliest wars of the later 20th century.

The Lost Boys of SudanAtleast 20,000 displaced boys from the

Nuer and Dinka ethnic group.Ages: 7-17 years

What happened to the families?

Parents were killed, enslaved, and tortured by Northern Arabs

Sisters sold in slavery

Walked away from home

When their villages were attacked by the northerners, they escaped.

Walked for about three months

Barefoot, injured, sick, hungry, thirsty

Refugee camps in Kenya and Ethiopia

Kakuma, KenyaAid Workers in the

refugee camps of Africa used the name “The Lost Boys”

In 2001 as a part of a program established by the US government and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the Lost Boys were allowed to resettle in the US.

- Every Sunday, a plane leaves from Kakuma and arrives in New York

94% of the boys are reported of being from a tribal ethnicity

84% are from the Dinka

10% are from the Nuer

Living Situations of the Boys in US20%- group homes

with other Sudanese minors

18%- Independently living with Sudanese Family

16%- Foster care in America, without any Sudanese people

36%- Foster care, with other Sudanese people

10%- Other settings

Hope for a better and safe future..Many came for

their high school and university education in the US

Ages had to be guessed; No one could determine their real age

The Lost boys do well in school and activities, however..Behavioral and

Emotional problems are visible in their home lives and emotional states.

20% of the minors diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder

What did the Lost Boys witnessed?60%- close friends

and family tortured20%- injured

themselves29%- physical

trauma46%- near-

drowning32%- near-

suffocation31%- head-trauma