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The Industrial The Industrial RevolutionRevolution
The Industrial Revolution began in The Industrial Revolution began in Great Great BritainBritain in the in the mid 1700’s.mid 1700’s.
What was the Industrial Revolution?What was the Industrial Revolution?
A shift from an economy based on A shift from an economy based on farming and handicrafts to an farming and handicrafts to an economy based on manufacturing economy based on manufacturing by machines in factories.by machines in factories.
Primary economyPrimary economySecondary economySecondary economy
5 Reasons IR Began in5 Reasons IR Began in Great Britain: Great Britain:
1. 1. Agricultural improvementsAgricultural improvements: caused : caused food prices to drop, made more food food prices to drop, made more food available; then people had money to spend on available; then people had money to spend on manufactured goods.manufactured goods.
Second Agricultural RevolutionSecond Agricultural Revolution
2. 2. Increased populationIncreased population (due to food (due to food supply) creates a large labor force.supply) creates a large labor force.
why did they need a large labor force??why did they need a large labor force??
3. 3. CapitalCapital: an increased, ready supply : an increased, ready supply of of MONEY $$MONEY $$ to invest in machines and to invest in machines and factories. Rise of the factories. Rise of the entrepreneurentrepreneur..
4.Natural Resources:4.Natural Resources: Great Britain had Great Britain had many many riversrivers for water power and for water power and transportation. Also large supplies of transportation. Also large supplies of coal and ironcoal and iron oreore for power and for power and machinery.machinery.
5. 5. MarketsMarkets: Great Britain had a : Great Britain had a colonial empirecolonial empire, which gave them , which gave them many places to sell goodsmany places to sell goods
1. Agriculture1. Agriculture
2. Population2. Population
3. Capital3. Capital
4. Natural Resources4. Natural Resources
coal
Iron ore
Thames River
5. Markets5. Markets
Cottage IndustryCottage Industry Anybody remember what this means Anybody remember what this means
Small-scale production of goods, with Small-scale production of goods, with little technology , often located in or little technology , often located in or near the home.near the home.
Cottage Industry spinning cotton into thread, then thread into cloth.
How would you describe this process shown???
. . Innovations in Cotton industry: Innovations in Cotton industry: 1764 James Hargreaves:1764 James Hargreaves:
Spinning Jenny-Spinning Jenny- made made weaving fasterweaving faster
1760’s-1782 James Watt:1760’s-1782 James Watt:Steam EngineSteam Engine
1787 Edmund Cartwright:1787 Edmund Cartwright:Water-powered loomWater-powered loomMade factories near riversMade factories near rivers
How did this change Great Britain’s industry?How did this change Great Britain’s industry?Imported cotton (lbs): 1760= 2.5 millionImported cotton (lbs): 1760= 2.5 million
1787=22 million1787=22 million 1840= 366 million1840= 366 million
Spinning Jenny
Where did the British get all of Where did the British get all of this cotton????this cotton????
Yes, from their colonies in America, Yes, from their colonies in America, then from the USA.then from the USA.
What substance was needed to power the What substance was needed to power the steam engine? steam engine?
COALCOAL New processes aided in transforming another New processes aided in transforming another
industry?industry? IRONIRON Henry Cort developed puddling….what’s Henry Cort developed puddling….what’s
that? Process to make high quality iron.that? Process to make high quality iron. How did iron industry change in Great How did iron industry change in Great
Britain?Britain? 1740 =17,000 tons produced1740 =17,000 tons produced 1780 =70,000 tons produced1780 =70,000 tons produced 1852 = 3 million tons produced1852 = 3 million tons produced
Who is mining the iron ore and coal?Who is mining the iron ore and coal?
Who is processing the iron ore?Who is processing the iron ore?
Yes, the larger population from Yes, the larger population from agricultural successes. agricultural successes.
People begin to move to urban People begin to move to urban centers for work.centers for work.
So why all the iron needed?So why all the iron needed? RAILROADSRAILROADS
The first steam locomotive was developed in England by John Blenkinsop The first steam locomotive was developed in England by John Blenkinsop and Mathew Murray of Leeds. The first engine was pulled along a cogg and Mathew Murray of Leeds. The first engine was pulled along a cogg rail, and was used in coal mines. It first operated in June 1814. It went 4 rail, and was used in coal mines. It first operated in June 1814. It went 4 miles per hour. miles per hour.
The The RocketRocket 18301830 Connected Liverpool to ManchesterConnected Liverpool to Manchester
Went 16 miles per hour.Went 16 miles per hour.
Why were railroads so important to the Why were railroads so important to the Industrial Revolution?Industrial Revolution?
Move raw materialsMove raw materials move finished goods move finished goods created jobs – in factories and in building created jobs – in factories and in building
railsrails
Spread of the IRSpread of the IR First European countries to First European countries to
industrialize… France, Belgium, industrialize… France, Belgium, German states.German states.
North AmericaNorth America: rapid population : rapid population growth and industrialization. growth and industrialization. • Transportation: Steam engine- Robert Transportation: Steam engine- Robert
FultonFulton• Railroad: by 1860- 30,000 miles of trackRailroad: by 1860- 30,000 miles of track• Workers: rural farmers, women and Workers: rural farmers, women and
children.children.
Social Impact of IR in EuropeSocial Impact of IR in Europe 1. 1. Growth of cities:Growth of cities:
• Population explosion Population explosion 1750: 1750: 140 million140 million1850: 1850: 266 million266 millionWhy? Why? Decline in war and disease. Decline in war and disease.
Increase in food supply. Increase in food supply. Cities became home to industries. Steam Cities became home to industries. Steam
power no longer needed water access. power no longer needed water access. 1800- England had one major city: London1800- England had one major city: London By 1850, 9 major cities with half of GB’s By 1850, 9 major cities with half of GB’s
population living in thempopulation living in them
2. Growth of 2 new social classes due to 2. Growth of 2 new social classes due to Industrial Capitalism: Industrial Capitalism:
Economic system based on industrial Economic system based on industrial productionproduction
Industrial Middle ClassIndustrial Middle Class Industrial Working ClassIndustrial Working Class
Let’s discuss each…Let’s discuss each…
Industrial middle classIndustrial middle class People who funded building the People who funded building the
factories, bought the machines, and factories, bought the machines, and found the markets. found the markets.
Qualities: ambition, initiative, and Qualities: ambition, initiative, and often…often…
GREEDGREED
Industrial Working ClassIndustrial Working Class Factory workersFactory workers Long hours (12-16 per day)Long hours (12-16 per day) 6 days a week6 days a week Wretched conditions; dirty, Wretched conditions; dirty,
dangerous, unhealthy places.dangerous, unhealthy places. Coal miners harshest , cotton Coal miners harshest , cotton
industry ( 2/3 women and children)industry ( 2/3 women and children) Factory Act of 1833 set age at 9.Factory Act of 1833 set age at 9.
SocialismSocialism What is it??What is it??
Next class we will learn economic Next class we will learn economic systems…systems…
Economic system where society, in Economic system where society, in the form of government, owns and the form of government, owns and controls the means of production.controls the means of production.
STOP HERE for PAP GeoSTOP HERE for PAP Geo
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionEditorial InvestigationEditorial Investigation
In your group of 3, you will gather and In your group of 3, you will gather and report information about ten different report information about ten different aspects of the Industrial Revolution.aspects of the Industrial Revolution.
Use critical thinking to fill in all columns of Use critical thinking to fill in all columns of your chart, discuss different aspects with your chart, discuss different aspects with your group.your group.
Focus on that 3Focus on that 3rdrd column, that is the most column, that is the most important.important. Discuss with your group!!Discuss with your group!!
Homework ? Due NOW!!!!Homework ? Due NOW!!!! Write at least ½ page journal entry Write at least ½ page journal entry
about the following topic:about the following topic:
““How do the effects of the Industrial How do the effects of the Industrial Revolution – technological, social, Revolution – technological, social, economic – continue to impact you economic – continue to impact you today?”today?”
SocialismSocialism What is it??What is it??
Economic system where society, in Economic system where society, in the form of government, owns and the form of government, owns and controls the means of production.controls the means of production.
Quiz:Quiz:
1. Why did the Industrial Revolution 1. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? 5 reasonsbegin in Great Britain? 5 reasons
2. Discuss the importance of the 2. Discuss the importance of the railroad to the I.R.railroad to the I.R.
3.Discuss a social impact of the 3.Discuss a social impact of the Industrial Revolution.Industrial Revolution.
Happy Monday 03-01-10Happy Monday 03-01-10 Get your textbook! Get your textbook! Turn in Industrial Revolution investigative Turn in Industrial Revolution investigative
article.article. Turn in any late work.Turn in any late work.
Warm-up: Define the word Nationalism.Warm-up: Define the word Nationalism.Did you feel this as you were watching the Did you feel this as you were watching the
Olympics? Describe with examples.Olympics? Describe with examples.
Congress of ViennaCongress of ViennaSeptember 1814September 1814
What was it?What was it? A meeting of the largest European A meeting of the largest European
powers to arrange a final peace powers to arrange a final peace settlement following the Napoleonic settlement following the Napoleonic Wars.Wars.
Who was there?Who was there? Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, RussiaGreat Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia Leader: Leader: Klemens von MetternichKlemens von Metternich of of
AustriaAustria
Purpose of the meeting:Purpose of the meeting: 1. 1. to to restore powerrestore power to monarchs and to monarchs and
families that ruled before Napoleonfamilies that ruled before Napoleon. . 2.2.To To balancebalance powerpower to prevent any to prevent any
one country from dominatingone country from dominating.. 3.To 3.To contain the forces of changecontain the forces of change
brought out by the French Revolutionbrought out by the French Revolution
Conservatism and LiberalismConservatism and Liberalism Conservatism:Conservatism: political philosophy based on political philosophy based on
tradition and social stability.tradition and social stability.principle of interventionprinciple of intervention: the right to : the right to
send armies into countries that were send armies into countries that were revolting and restore monarchs.revolting and restore monarchs.
Liberalism:Liberalism: political philosophy based on political philosophy based on Enlightenment principles, and that people Enlightenment principles, and that people should be free of government restraint.should be free of government restraint.
religious toleration, constitutional govt, religious toleration, constitutional govt, natural rightsnatural rights
NATIONALISMNATIONALISM A people’s awareness of being part of a A people’s awareness of being part of a
community with common community with common institutions, institutions, traditions, language and customstraditions, language and customs. . (community called a (community called a nationnation) )
This trumps loyalty to a This trumps loyalty to a dynasty or dynasty or other political unit. other political unit.
Believed each nation should have its Believed each nation should have its own governmentown government. .
This is a threat toThis is a threat to political order political order after after Congress of Vienna.Congress of Vienna.
Nationalists are allies with Nationalists are allies with liberalsliberals..
These two forces come together and These two forces come together and cause a series of cause a series of
revolutionsrevolutions throughout throughout Europe.Europe.
Revolutions of 1848Revolutions of 1848 FranceFrance 1830, 1830, Bourbon dynastyBourbon dynasty (all the (all the
Louis’s) are overthrown and a Louis’s) are overthrown and a constitutional monarchyconstitutional monarchy set up. set up.
1846 severe 1846 severe economiceconomic problems– problems– along with the refusal to let the along with the refusal to let the middle class have the middle class have the right to voteright to vote. .
What is the word for the right to What is the word for the right to vote??vote??
SuffrageSuffrage, good., good.
MonarchyMonarchy overthrown, temporary republic overthrown, temporary republic set up. Civil riots over workers rights set up. Civil riots over workers rights break out, killing many peasants/workers. break out, killing many peasants/workers.
Finally the Finally the Second RepublicSecond Republic set up, with set up, with legislature and universal male suffrage.legislature and universal male suffrage.
Louis-Napoleon Louis-Napoleon elected president. Sounds elected president. Sounds good and democratic, right?good and democratic, right?
Wrong!Wrong! He eventually abolishes parliament and He eventually abolishes parliament and
claims absolute power as Emperor. He is claims absolute power as Emperor. He is Napoleon Bonaparte’s nephew after all. Napoleon Bonaparte’s nephew after all.
FAIL!FAIL!
Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte
Germany:Germany: Goal to Goal to unify the German unify the German
ConfederationConfederation under a constitution under a constitution and republic called theand republic called the
Frankfurt Assembly.Frankfurt Assembly. Weak document with no Weak document with no
enforcement.enforcement. FAIL!!FAIL!!
Austrian EmpireAustrian Empire Empire was Empire was multinationalmultinational: having many : having many
diverse populations (Czechs, diverse populations (Czechs, Hungarians, Romanians, Slavs, Poles, Hungarians, Romanians, Slavs, Poles, etc)etc)
Revolts broke out in several cities, Revolts broke out in several cities, MetternichMetternich was was dismissed dismissed as leader.as leader.
Austrian military forces Austrian military forces crushedcrushed rebels rebels in Prague, Vienna’s revolt also in Prague, Vienna’s revolt also defeateddefeated
Austrian Empire keeps Austrian Empire keeps full power.full power. FAIL!!!FAIL!!!
ItalyItaly Northern states under Austrian Northern states under Austrian
Empire revolted for Empire revolted for liberation.liberation. Goal to create a Goal to create a unifiedunified Italy. Italy. By 1849 Austrian military By 1849 Austrian military
reestablishedreestablished full control over full control over territory. territory.
FAIL!!!FAIL!!!
Welcome to the Industrial Welcome to the Industrial Revolution Investigative StudyRevolution Investigative Study
Got a chart from the back table?Got a chart from the back table?
First Industrial Revolution:First Industrial Revolution: Coal, iron, textiles, and railroadsCoal, iron, textiles, and railroads
Second Industrial Revolution:Second Industrial Revolution: Electricity, chemicals, steel and petroleumElectricity, chemicals, steel and petroleum
Both of these will be included in today’s Both of these will be included in today’s study.study.
Friday Feb. 20Friday Feb. 20 This is it!!! Any late work has to be This is it!!! Any late work has to be
in today. Put in the black tray on in today. Put in the black tray on the front desk.the front desk.
You will be finishing your You will be finishing your investigative work on the Industrial investigative work on the Industrial Revolution. Focus on that 3Revolution. Focus on that 3rdrd column, that is the most important.column, that is the most important.Discuss with your group!!Discuss with your group!!
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionEditorial InvestigationEditorial Investigation
In your group of 3, you will gather and In your group of 3, you will gather and report information about ten different report information about ten different aspects of the Industrial Revolution.aspects of the Industrial Revolution.
Use critical thinking to fill in all columns of Use critical thinking to fill in all columns of your chart, discuss different aspects with your chart, discuss different aspects with your group.your group.
Focus on that 3Focus on that 3rdrd column, that is the most column, that is the most important.important. Discuss with your group!!Discuss with your group!!
HomeworkHomework Write at least ½ page journal entry Write at least ½ page journal entry
about the following topic:about the following topic:
““How do the effects of the Industrial How do the effects of the Industrial Revolution – technological, social, Revolution – technological, social, economic – continue to impact you economic – continue to impact you today?”today?”