Post on 24-Feb-2016
description
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The Industrial RevolutionWorld Civilizations
+The Industrial Revolution What is the Industrial
Revolution? Where and when did it first
occur?
+The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain Why England?
Technology Economic Aspects Access to Raw Materials Political Aspects Factors of Production
Land Labor
+Agriculture in Great Britain at the Start of the Industrial Revolution Jethro Tull Enclosure Movement Experimentation with New
Crops
+Textile Production in England First Cottage Industry After Industrialization:
Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves)
Spinning Frame (Richard Arkwright)
Flying Shuttle Use of Factories
+Textile Factory Workers in England
+How Did the Use of Steam Influence the Industrial Revolution? Steam Engine (James Watt) Decrease Dependence on
Water Power Move Mills/Factories away
from water Railroads Steamboats Emphasis on Coal Production Increased Urbanization
+Consequences of Using Steam for Transportation
+Coal in the Industrial Revolution
Expansion of Coal Mines Increased Urbanization Problems in Mines?
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+Why Did the West Industrialize First? Focus on Individual Freedoms Increased Competition Rewards of Wealth and Fame
+The Spread of the Industrial Revolution United States France Germany Japan
Comparisons to England US, France, Japan, and
England have government support of IR
Germany does not receive gov’t support
All focus on production of textiles first
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Factories and Workers in the Industrial Revolution
+Pre-Industrial Production
Cottage Industries Several-Step Process to Create
and Sell Goods Merchant delivers raw materials Weavers create wool into finished
product by hand Merchant picks up finished good
and sells it at market
Benefits of the Cottage Industries Workers create own schedule Ability to own small businesses
and make money Focus on family b/c workshop is
in the home
+Problems of Cottage Industries
Environmental Dangers (fire/floods) could take out entire business
Needed certain skills for producing textiles, which took time to learn
Children could not work in cottage industries
+The Shift to Industrial Production Cottage Industries are
eliminated in Industrial Revolution
Factories move to separate locations, away from the home
Working in a Factory: Easier to learn one task
than many Children able to learn
tasks and work in factories Ability for families to make
more money Dangers:
Physical harm Long-work days (12+
hours for all workers) Poor sanitation and
ventilation
+Increasing Urbanization During Industrial Revolution As more factories are built,
cities in England begin to grow
Main cities: London, Manchester, Liverpool
Life in Factory Towns: Cities grow around
factories or coal mines Some companies provide
housing and food Dangerous b/c of
pollution and poor sanitation
+Social Changes of the Early Industrial Revolution Three main types of workers:
People to own the businesses (owners)
People to run the businesses (managers)
People to run the machines (workers)
Women gain more opportunities for jobs outside the home
Growth of the Middle Class – those who did not own the factories, but also did not do the basic work in them
Some people resist the influence of the IR Some still want to use
cottage industries Luddites: people who
opposed machines and new technology
+Factories and Mass Production
Mass Production: the system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items
Leads to the development of the Assembly line in the United states
Advantages: Increase in production for less
cost Increases profits
Disadvantages: Less skilled jobs Workers are easily replaced
+Political Problems in the Early Industrial Revolution
British government tries to stay out of problems in the factories
Gov’t refused to pass laws regulating labor, child labor, or safe working conditions at first
Causes people to form labor unions: organizations representing workers interests Strike (stop work) to bring
about change Forces British gov’t to make
changes eventually
+New Ideas of the Industrial Revolution
+New Economic Ideas
The major economic idea of the Industrial Revolution was Capitalism Discussed by economist
Adam Smith Main Ideas:
Governments should not be involved in business or economy
“Laissez-faire” (Let them Be)
+Other Economic Ideas Emerge:
Socialism: society or government should own property and control industry
Communism: discussed by Karl Marx in The Communist Manifesto
Government owns all means of production and controls economic planning to ensure equal treatment and opportunities
+Social Effects of Industrial Revolution Effects on Women:
Women often found jobs in factories or as domestic workers
Earned low wages Some women start to get
some education Women in the middle-classes
could get professional jobs (teachers/nurses)
Many believed women should remain in the private sphere (the home) and remain outside of the public sphere (workplace)
+Other Social and Economic Impacts
Countries that industrialized were seen as more powerful than those who did not Industrialization helped
increase military strength Allowed strong countries to take
over weaker ones Imperialism Some countries liked the United
States see an increase in immigration
Improvements in Standard of Living: level of material comfort Improves over time Increase in leisure time