Post on 08-Apr-2022
The Impact of Academic and The Impact of Academic and Government Partnerships on Biofuel R&D Innovation at Novozymes
Kurt Creamer, Connectivity Manager
Presentation at Rutgers
6-November-2009
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/20092
Roles of a Connectivity Manager at Novozymes
Grantwriting – manage proposals for large government proposal efforts and be point of contact for projects where Novozymes is subordinate partner
Research Collaboration Facilitator – develop and facilitate partnerships and collaborations with universities and government labs
Technology Scouting and Screening – insource adjacent, Technology Scouting and Screening insource adjacent, enabling or complementary IP from universities, government labs
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/20093
Background for a Connectivity Manager
Brown: B.A. in BiologyUC Davis: M.S. in Agricultural Engineering g g g(Biomass Gasification)Battelle: Research Scientist in Process Engineering DepartmentNCSU: Technology Transfer Office, gy ,managed IPNCSU: Directed Energy Crops for NC Program: evaluated agronomics, economics, processing capacity for energy cropscropsNCSU: Organized/coordinated NC Biomass Council to promote economic development, emissions reductions and energy security through biomass gy y gutilization, produced a Biomass Roadmap for North Carolina.NCSU: Part-time Ph.D. in Agricultural Engineering from NCSU – growth rate kinetics in thermophilic anaerobic kinetics in thermophilic anaerobic digesters
Novozymes in brief
World leader in industrial enzymes & o d eade dus a e y es µorganisms and market leader in all industries where present
Products sold in 130 countries in 40 different industries
Total sales of USD 1.6bn in 2008
13–14% of revenue invested in R&D
New products represented around 25% of total sales in 2008
43 new products launched during the last 5 years
Distribution of Novozymes’ businessRevenue 2008 ~ USD 1.5 billion
Enzymes for industrial useMarket size ~ USD 2.9 billion
p g y
Source: Novozymes' 2008 estimates
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/20095
R&D Structure
R&DR&D
Molecular Biotechnology
Applications Development
Biofuels & StarchStarch
F d F d Food, Feed, and Technical
10/11/20097
Quality control of Novozymes’ LCA studies
LCA studies used in Novozymes’ external communication areLCA studies used in Novozymes external communication are
Carried out in accordance with the requirements of the ISO 14040 standard on LCA
Subject to external critical review and/or
Published in the International Journal of life cycle assessmentlife cycle assessment
10/11/20098
LCA studies address four environmental indicators
Smog Nutrient AcidificationGlobal Smog formation
Nutrient enrichment
AcidificationGlobal warming
10/11/200910
Greenhouse gas reduction when enzymes are used in different production processes
100 kg CO / ton
6-150kg CO2 / ton
280kg CO2 / kg CO2 / ton
hidekg CO2 / ton pulp/paper
kg CO2 / ton cheese
190kg CO2 / ton fatty acid ester
Leather Pulp / paper Cheese
5-80kg CO2 / ton feed
110kg CO2 / ton bread ester
Bread Pig feed Cosmeticgs1000
kg CO2 / ton yarn
44kg CO2/ ton oil
150kg CO2 / ton detergent
Vegetable oil
Cotton yarn
Laundry detergent
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION
10/11/200912
G t C ll b tiGovernment CollaborationsCollaborations with government laboratories, such as NREL d PNNLNREL and PNNL
Funding from government agencies, primarily the Office of the Biomass Program at the Department of Energy
Bioenergy – 2001-2005
Project DECREASE – 2008-2011
P j t LIBERTY ( b t t t POET) 2009 2010Project LIBERTY (subcontractor to POET) – 2009-2010
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/200913
Pitfalls of Accepting Government G tGrants
Patent Waiver and USA Competitiveness Clause.
"Government purpose" and "march-in rights”. The government gets a royalty-free license for their own (non-commercial) use. "March-in" rights are used in a case where a company that has technology deemed to be in the national interest doesn't commercialize it.
"Preference for US Industry" provisions in the Bayh-Dole Preference for US Industry provisions in the Bayh Dole Act. One cannot grant an exclusive licence for a subject invention to an entity that will sell a product in the US unless the product embodying the subject invention will be manufactured substanitally in the US.
Shifting priorities such that development not sustained
Gaps in government support for biofuelsGaps in government support for biofuels
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION14 10 November, 2009
Cellulose − The most abundant organicpolymer on earth
Like starch cellulose is Schematic representation of the lignified plant cell wallSource: Boudet et al., 2003. Trends Plant Sci. 12:576.
Like starch, cellulose is composed of long chains of the sugar glucose
The cell walls of woody plants and grasses are composed predominantly of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose
Cellulose fibrils are embedded in a network of hemicellulose a et o o e ce u oseand lignin
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/200916
Past R&D in Enzyme Development for y pCellulosic Ethanol
DOE/NREL/Novozymes 2001–2005
Enzyme cost reduction on NREL acid pre-treated stover
USD 17.8 million grant
30-fold cost reduction based on enzyme improvements and alternative production scenariosp
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/200917
Cost Reduction Tools – Enzyme Activity
Increased thermostability Proteomics
N l t d t i
Microarray•Novel mRNA’s
Fungal Expression•Expression of new genes Fungal ExpressionProteomics
N l t d t i
Microarray•Novel mRNA’s
Fungal Expression•Expression of new genesFungal Expression•Expression of new genes Fungal Expression
Resistance to inhibition
Synergistic
Bioinformatics•New fungal cellulases•Homologue analysis
•Novel secreted proteins •Fermentation
Biochemical Characterization
g p•Fungal host development•Fermentation optimization
Bioinformatics•New fungal cellulases•Homologue analysis
•Novel secreted proteins •Fermentation•Fermentation
Biochemical CharacterizationBiochemical Characterization
g p•Fungal host development•Fermentation optimization
combinations of enzymes and adjutants Directed Evolution
•Rational designR i ifi t i
Biochemical Characterization•Protein purification•Substrate specificity •Thermostability•SynergyDirected Evolution
•Rational designR i ifi t i
Directed Evolution•Rational designR i ifi t i
Biochemical Characterization•Protein purification•Substrate specificity •Thermostability•Synergy
Biochemical Characterization•Protein purification•Substrate specificity •Thermostability•Synergy
•Regio-specific mutagenesis•Random mutagenesis•Shuffling•Screening!!!
•Regio-specific mutagenesis•Random mutagenesis•Shuffling•Screening!!!
•Regio-specific mutagenesis•Random mutagenesis•Shuffling•Screening!!!
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/200918
DOE/NREL Project Summary
Fully characterized the primary cellulase system utilized today (from T reesei)(from T. reesei)
Identified, cloned, and expressed over 80 new cellulases (CBHI, CBHII EG βG)CBHII, EG, βG)
Used directed evolution to create more thermostable CBH and BG
Created over 400 new cellulase-producing fungal strains co-expressing various combinations of native cellulases new enzymes and native cellulases, new enzymes and proteins
Tested over 200 strains for cellulose degrading activitycellulose-degrading activity
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION19
10 November, 2009
Project DECREASENovozymes awarded $12.3 M contract from US DOE
2.5 year contract w/ matching funds -
Global collaboration between Novozymes researchers
California
2.5 year contract w/ matching funds
$25 M research project
Novozymes’ project DECREASE North CarolinaDenmarkChina
(Development of a Commercial-Ready
Enzyme Application System for Ethanol)
External partners: Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryNational Renewable Energy Laboratory Cornell University
Goals: Improve performance of
Novozymes’ most advanced cellulase
system, further decreasing the cost of
cellulosic ethanol productionCentre National de la Recherche
Scientifique, France
cellulosic ethanol production
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/200921
Ch ll W ki ith A d iChallenges Working with Academia
In difficult times, external research budget is gan easy target
Projects often have substantial background and k hknow how
Don’t always have to know how things work –GH61 as exampleGH61 as example
Intellectual property always a major challenge – fear of losing “freedom to operate”fear of losing freedom to operate
Our MTA for key pre-commercial enzymes is not compatible with MTAs of leading research institutions
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/200922
C it i f W ki ith A d iCriteria for Working with Academia
Good source of talent for recruitment
Proximity to one of our sites in North AmericaFranklinton, NC (North Carolina State University)
Davis, CA (University of California, Davis)
Salem, VA (Virginia Tech)
Effective technology transfer apparatus as Effective technology transfer apparatus as measured by objective indices (licenses, patents, startups, etc)
Innovative basic research that could lead to major (vs incremental) advances in the state-of-the-artof the art
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/200923
C it i f W ki ith A d iCriteria for Working with Academia
Strong commitment to working with industrial g gpartners
Possesses a “critical mass” of faculty that d t h i f i t t t NZconduct research in areas of interest to NZ
Home to a relevant Federally-supported Center that would allow NZ to leverage its external that would allow NZ to leverage its external research funds;
Home to a professor whose unique talents are Home to a professor whose unique talents are important to NZ’s research agenda
Land Grant universities seem to meet our criteria most often
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/200924
Peer Reviewed Technical Journal LiteraturePeer-Reviewed Technical Journal LiteratureMost Active – Biomass Pretreatment
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NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/200925
Ranking Based on AUTM Data
Rank Name of Institution KEFRank Name of Institution KEF
1 Univ. of California System 13.57
2 St f d U i 4 872 Stanford Univ. 4.87
3 Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT) 4.81
4 N Y k U i 4 534 New York Univ. 4.53
5 Univ. of Wisconsin at Madison 3.60
36 Michigan State Univ. 1.11
37 U i f N th C li Ch l Hill 1 0937 Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 1.09
38 Rutgers, The State Univ. of NJ 1.08
What is RIC (Radical Innovation Catalysts) ?
RIC is a community for those who play a role in
ki id h
RIC links technical ideas with business
making ideas happen
RIC educate those who thrive on RIC is a place for
opportunities
RIC is also:who thrive on
innovationRIC is a place for people to go with
new ideas• Cross-functional collaboration between R&D and
Business Divisions
• Idea qualification by allocated R&D and business developer resources
RIC joins together competences and creates a network of entrepreneurs
RIC stimulates and captures
breakthrough ideas
• Focus on ideas, falling adjacent and outside cure businesses
of entrepreneurs
RIC assists in managing radical ideas RIC evaluates and
breakthrough ideas
managing radical ideas and in transitioning
them to projects
matures new ideas
How does it look ? How does it look ?
Inn
o
Man
-Pro
ject ap
DISCOVERY DEVELOPMENTFRONT END
ovato
rs
nag
emen
tpproval an
d re
RIC TeamRICCore
Portfolio Management
eview
RIC Team:Scientists throughout company that have committed to evaluate ideas
RIC Core:Key individuals from Innovation Office and New Business Development
Ideas for RIC-assessment
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/200929
Ideas for RIC assessment
Ideas are submitted in different ways
And they come from different sources
What happens when an idea is submitted?What happens when an idea is submitted?- RIC Core decides go/no-go with innovator
Forward to established business area / thanks for now !
RICCore
member
area / thanks for now !
RIC Ideainnovator innovator
Core Qualification
RIC+
RICTeam
innovator
Team work during - qualificationTeam work during qualification
Length of qualification period: ~ 3 months
Each team member spends up to 50% of time during period
Finalizing is a presentation and recommendation of the idea Finalizing is a presentation and recommendation of the idea
A successful evaluation of an idea
will provide a substantiated base from where a clear go/no-go p g / gdecision can be made on continuance as a front end project.
innovator
RICCore
innovator
+RIC
Team
RIC Team + Innovator start Idea
Qualification(2-3 months)
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/200933
C ti it NA G l f 2010Connectivity NA Goals for 2010Align scouting efforts with Innovation Office by seeking to find solutions to global technology gaps in North America
Refocus efforts to support technology needs that are firmly anchored within the Novozymes sites in North America.
Expand role beyond the current emphasis on biomass and on government funding
Focus government funding efforts on improving fundamental Focus government funding efforts on improving fundamental understanding of enzymes and substrates
In conjunction with marketing, proactively make enzyme l il bl b dl d i d l bsamples available broadly to academic and government labs
Engage NZ scientists with external scientists through extended visits to spark innovation, with a focus on key academic and government partners
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION10/11/200934
Examples of what successful outcomes
NZ collaborates with University A to develop an ultrasonic
might look like:
polishing of dilute-acid pretreated corn stover that substantially reduces the enzyme loading required for hydrolysis
NZ sends visiting scientist to University B to verify that the pretreatment technology developed by Professor C is a commercially viable biomass pretreatment technologya commercially viable biomass pretreatment technology
NZ licenses from University D a protein that along with our cellulase cocktail, synergistically improves the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass
Rethinking fuel
The only enzyme id t it t provider to commit to
providing commercially viable cellulosic enzymes by 2010
• Leading enzyme provider for starch-based fuel ethanol enzymes in all regions where we operatey g p
• Over 100 scientists dedicated to the development of biofuel solutions
• Broad insight into cellulosic ethanol work – we are working on various feedstocks and gtechnologies
The cellulosic ethanol industry will be a major contributor to future biofuel growth
Session 4B – Cellulosic Ethanol & Biobutanol Session
Cellulosic ethanol – technologies & challenges
Predictability of industry growth depends upon:
Delivery of advancements to enable commercial viability
Continued support to drive investment in the biofuel industry
37
Enzymatic route from biomass to ethanol
SugarcaneSugarcanebagasse
Corn stover
Straw
Wood residues
Industrial waste
Energy crops
Municipal solid waste
Many pretreatment technologies exist – all impacting subsequent hydrolysis and fermentation of sugarsof sugars. Distillation and generation
of energy
Applied Discovery R d t t l t f Reduce total process costs – focus on enzyme costs via holistic innovation
CollectionCollection& Storage& Storage Recovery
pre-treatment Hydrolysis fermentation
• Highly interrelated technologies• Novozymes R&D tools and experienceNovozymes R&D tools and experience
utilizing enzyme technology and application know-how to also provide ideas in p and f
• Partnership is key
By using our biotech tools and focusing on
39
continuous optimization we continue to develop new enzymes for 2G biofuels
Optimizing the Optimizing the Optimizing the production microorganism
Squeezing more enzymes out of the existing production strains being used
industrial production
Traditional engineering optimizing the use of fixed assets employed
enzymes produced
Creating new enzymes with higher potency for the same application
used
Examples of technologies Examples of technologies d
Examples of technologies used
Major allocation of R&D resources directed toward optimizations
used
Genetic engineeringNew microorganisms
used
Industrial engineering Process optimizationEquipment optimizationInput optimizations
used
Protein engineeringHigh-throughput screeningSite-specific mutagenesisRandom mutagenesisInput optimizations gGene shuffling
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION11/10/200940
We have taken a big step forward – Best cost/performance ratio in the industry today
100
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Refer ence:2009
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40
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0 0 04 0 08 0 12 0 16 0 2
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Cellic® CTec 2000
0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.2
Enzyme dosage (ml of product/g of cellulose)
Previously available enzymesCellic CTec 2000 Previously available enzymes
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION11/10/200941
Reaching feasible enzyme costs in 2010…
Enzyme costs are becoming a smaller and smaller smaller percentage of the total process costs
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION11/10/200942
Reaching feasible production costs in 2010…
Production costs for cellulosic ethanol will ethanol will become comparable with production costs for first costs for first generation
NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION11/10/200943
Novozymes is leading the way…
Enzyme costs are becoming a smaller pe centage of the total p ocess costs fo
… to a promising biomass future
percentage of the total process costs for cellulosic ethanol
Novozymes Cellic product family is a key step in our path to delivering our 2010 promise for commercially viable enzymes
Through partnerships we will advance enzyme and process technology to enable enzyme and process technology to enable commercial viability of cellulosic ethanol
We will enable the industry through cost effective products and supply logistics.