The History and Progress of Peach (Prunus persica L.) Breeding

—BeiJing

Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy

of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences

Quan Jiang

2015.3

Early stage of breeding Time ： 1961 ～ Breeding objectives: ordinary fresh peach,

earliness and quality Bred cultivars: jingzao 1 ～ jingzao

4 、 beijing 1 ～ beijing 33, and some good peach selections ， among them zaoxiangyu, maixiang, qingfeng, jingyu, jingyan and bayuecui were identified and registered.

MaixiangMaixiang ZaoxiangyuZaoxiangyu

QingfengQingfeng

JingyuJingyu

JingyanJingyan

BayuecuiBayuecui

Canning peach breeding Time: 1978 ～ , The national cooperative

group of yellow-fleshed peach breeding were established in 1978

Breeding objectives: yellow-flesh, clingstone, non-melting, early-ripening

Bred cultivars: yanfeng, yanjin, yanhuang, jingchuan

YanhuangYanhuang

JingchuanJingchuan

Nectarine breeding Time: 1981 ～ Breeding objectives: large fruit size, sweet,

not splitting (Cracking), red, fragrant Bred cultivars: ruiguang 1 ～ ruiguang 30,

among them ruiguang 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 18, 19, 22, 27, 28, 29 （ ruiguangmeiyu ） , 33, 39, xiazhihong and xiazhizaohong were regietered.

The first batch of

bred nectarine varieties

Ruiguang 5Ruiguang 5Ruiguang 1Ruiguang 1

Ruiguang 2Ruiguang 2

Ruiguang 3Ruiguang 3

Ruiguang 11Ruiguang 11

Ruiguang 7Ruiguang 7

Ruigung 18

Nectarine

Yellow-flesh

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 210 g

TSS 9-12 Brix

Ruiguang 19

Nectarine

White-flesh

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 150 g

TSS 10-13 Brix

Ruiguang 22

Nectarine

Yellow-flesh

Early ripening

Average single fruit weight: 158 g

TSS 11 Brix

Ruiguang 27

Nectarine

White-flesh

Late ripening

Average single fruit weight: 180 g

TSS 11-13 Brix

Ruiguang 28

Nectarine

Yellow-flesh

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 260 g

Clingstone

TSS 10-14 Brix

Ruiguangmeiyu

Nectarine

White-flesh

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 200 g

Freestone

TSS 11 Brix

Ruiguang 33

Nectarine

White-flesh

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 271 g

Clingstone

TSS 12.8 Brix

Ruiguang 39

Nectarine

White-flesh

Late ripening

Average single fruit weight: 202 g

Clingstone

TSS 13 Brix

Xiazhihong

Nectarine

White-flesh

Late ripening

Average single fruit weight: 172 g

Clingstone

TSS 12.7 Brix

Xiazhizaohong

Nectarine

White-flesh

Late ripening

Average single fruit weight: 138 g

Clingstone

TSS 12.6 Brix

Ruiguang 35

Nectarine

White-flesh

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight:191g

Freestone

TSS 12.6 Brix

Ruiguang 45

Nectarine

White-flesh

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 220g

Clingstone

TSS 12.9 Brix

Flat peach breeding Time:1985 ～ Breeding objectives: not splitting at top

middle, uneasy tearing at bottom, flat, large fruit size, red, sweet

Bred cultivars: zaolupantao 、 ruipan 1 ～ruipan 22, among them ruipan 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and ruiyoupan 1 were registered.

Zaolupantao

Early ripening

Average single fruit weight: 103 g

Clingstone

Ruipan 2

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 150 g

Clingstone

Ruipan 3

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 220 g

Clingstone

Ruipan 4

Late ripening

Average single fruit weight: 221 g

Clingstone

Ruipan 5

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 150 g

Clingstone

Ruipan 10

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 183 g

Freestone

Xiuzhenzaopan

Very Early-ripening

Average single fruit weight: 42 g

Clingstone

Ruipan 13

Early ripening

Average single fruit weight: 133 g

Clingstone

Ruipan 14

Early ripening

Average single fruit weight: 137 g

Clingstone

Ruipan 16

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 122 g

Clingstone

Ruipan 17

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 127 g

Semi clingstone

Ruipan 18

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 155 g

Clingstone

Ruipan 19

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 161g

Clingstone

Ruipan 20

Very Late-ripening

Average single fruit weight: 255 g

Freestone

TSS 13.1 Brix

Ruipan 21

Very Late-ripening

Average single fruit weight: 236 g

Clingstone

TSS 13.5 Brix

Ruipan 22

Middle ripening

Average single fruit weight: 182 g

Clingstone

Late ripening

Average single fruit weight: 226 g

Clingstone

TSS 12.6 Brix

Ruipan 24

Ruiyoupan 1

Very Late-ripening

Average single fruit weight: 81 g

Clingstone

TSS 13.8 Brix

Ruiyoupan 2

Middle-ripening

Average single fruit weight: 122 g

Clingstone

TSS 13.5 Brix

Other Breeding Rootstock breeding 1999 ～； cross combination: mountain

peach × Siberia C 、 mountain peach ×gansu peach etc. obtaing 2 good selections

Ornamental peach breeding 1978 ～； obtaining good selections such

as Ornamental peach 2, 3, 5, 6 and 10.

Ornamental peach

Ornamental peach 3

Zaomei

White-flesh peach

Very Early-ripening

Average single fruit weight: 97 g

Clingstone

TSS 8.5-9.5 Brix

Wanmi

White-flesh peach

Very Late-ripening

Average single fruit weight: 230 g

Clingstone

TSS 12-16 Brix

Huayu

White-flesh peach

Late ripening

Average single fruit weight: 270 g

Free stone

Stonyhard

TSS 13.5 Brix

RuihongWhite-flesh peach

Very Early-ripening

Average single fruit weight: 193 g

Clingstone

TSS 10 Brix

Zaoyu

middle-ripening

average single friut weight:195g

Non-melting

Free stone

Stonyhard

TSS 13 Brix

Good selections

Peach

White flesh

early-ripening

average single friut weight:282.5g

Clingstone

TSS 9.83 Brix

Red flesh

early-ripening

average single friut weight:117.3g

Clingstone

TSS 13.4 Brix

Flesh-red Nectarine

Flat peach

Late ripening 、 Yellow flesh 、 Large fruit

Nectarine Flat peach

2005-6-17 east 2005-6-17 east

Yellow flesh peach

Canning peach，

Yellow flesh ，

Cling stone，

Low-chilling

Cooperation Breeding ofSino-Thai in Peach (Prunus

persica L.)

2002-5-30E

Thailand Ankang test station （ 300~400hr）

Low-chilling ,

flower in mid to late December , maturing in mid April 2007，

TSS 18% Brix.

Future Breeding Objective Peach:  Quality breeding  mainly on high

sweetness. Nectarine: large fruit size, red, Late-maturing Flat peach: not splitting (Cracking), red Stock: Anti successive crop Rootstock, Dwarf

Rootstock Low-chilling cultivars: The chilling under 500

hours , Suitable for the South and the North greenhouse cultivation in China

Germplasm Resources Research:  Micro peach , Very early-ripening peach , Narrow leaf peach

Thank you ！xie xie!