The Growth of The Growth of Industry in Industry in

AmericaAmerica

By: Ms. Becky RampeyBy: Ms. Becky Rampey

Jenks High SchoolJenks High School

Causes of Rapid Causes of Rapid IndustrializationIndustrializationCauses of Rapid Causes of Rapid IndustrializationIndustrialization

1.1. Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.

2.2. The Railroad fueled the growing US The Railroad fueled the growing US economy:economy: * * First big business in the US.First big business in the US. * A magnet for financial * A magnet for financial investment.investment. * The key to opening the West. * The key to opening the West. * Aided the development of other * Aided the development of other industries. industries.

1.1. Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.

2.2. The Railroad fueled the growing US The Railroad fueled the growing US economy:economy: * * First big business in the US.First big business in the US. * A magnet for financial * A magnet for financial investment.investment. * The key to opening the West. * The key to opening the West. * Aided the development of other * Aided the development of other industries. industries.

Causes of Rapid Causes of Rapid IndustrializationIndustrializationCauses of Rapid Causes of Rapid IndustrializationIndustrialization

3.3. Technological innovations.Technological innovations. * Bessemer process* Bessemer process

* Refrigerated cars* Refrigerated cars

* Mass Production Methods* Mass Production Methods

* Great Inventors – Thomas * Great Inventors – Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, George Westinghouse, Bell, George Westinghouse, Henry Bessemer, etc…Henry Bessemer, etc…

3.3. Technological innovations.Technological innovations. * Bessemer process* Bessemer process

* Refrigerated cars* Refrigerated cars

* Mass Production Methods* Mass Production Methods

* Great Inventors – Thomas * Great Inventors – Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, George Westinghouse, Bell, George Westinghouse, Henry Bessemer, etc…Henry Bessemer, etc…

Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva Edison

““Wizard of Menlo Park”Wizard of Menlo Park” ““Wizard of Menlo Park”Wizard of Menlo Park”

•Light Bulb

•Phonograph

•Dictaphone

•Motion Picture Camera

4. Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance.

5. Abundant capital.6. New, talented group of

businessmen [entrepreneurs] and advisors.

7. Market growing as US population increased.

8. Government willing to help at all levels to stimulate economic growth.

9. Abundant natural resources.

4. Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance.

5. Abundant capital.6. New, talented group of

businessmen [entrepreneurs] and advisors.

7. Market growing as US population increased.

8. Government willing to help at all levels to stimulate economic growth.

9. Abundant natural resources.

Causes of Rapid Causes of Rapid IndustrializationIndustrializationCauses of Rapid Causes of Rapid IndustrializationIndustrialization

New Business CultureNew Business CultureNew Business CultureNew Business Culture

1.1. Laissez Faire Laissez Faire --> the ideology --> the ideology of the Industrial Age.of the Industrial Age.

1.1. Laissez Faire Laissez Faire --> the ideology --> the ideology of the Industrial Age.of the Industrial Age.

• Individual as a moral and economic ideal.

• Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace.

• The market was not man-made or invented.

• No room for government in the market!

• Individual as a moral and economic ideal.

• Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace.

• The market was not man-made or invented.

• No room for government in the market!

New Type of Business New Type of Business EntitiesEntities

New Type of Business New Type of Business EntitiesEntities

1.1. PoolPool 1887 --> Interstate Commerce Act 1887 --> Interstate Commerce Act --> Interstate Commerce --> Interstate Commerce Commission created. Commission created.

2.2. TrustTrust --> John D. Rockefeller --> John D. Rockefeller

1.1. PoolPool 1887 --> Interstate Commerce Act 1887 --> Interstate Commerce Act --> Interstate Commerce --> Interstate Commerce Commission created. Commission created.

2.2. TrustTrust --> John D. Rockefeller --> John D. Rockefeller

* Standard Oil Co.* Standard Oil Co.

Standard Oil Co.Standard Oil Co.Standard Oil Co.Standard Oil Co.

New Type of Business New Type of Business EntitiesEntities

New Type of Business New Type of Business EntitiesEntities

2.2. TrustTrust:: * Horizontal Integration --> * Horizontal Integration --> John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller

2.2. TrustTrust:: * Horizontal Integration --> * Horizontal Integration --> John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller

* Vertical Integration: A. Gustavus Swift-->

Meat- packing

* Vertical Integration: A. Gustavus Swift-->

Meat- packingB. Andrew Carnegie-->

U. S. SteelB. Andrew Carnegie-->

U. S. Steel

Iron & Steel Iron & Steel ProductionProductionIron & Steel Iron & Steel ProductionProduction

New Type of Business New Type of Business EntitiesEntities

New Type of Business New Type of Business EntitiesEntities

New Financial New Financial BusinessmanBusinessmanNew Financial New Financial BusinessmanBusinessman

The Broker:The Broker: * J. Pierpont Morgan * J. Pierpont Morgan

The Broker:The Broker: * J. Pierpont Morgan * J. Pierpont Morgan

The Reorganization of The Reorganization of WorkWork

The Reorganization of The Reorganization of WorkWork

Frederick W. Taylor

The Principles of Scientific Managemen

t (1911)

Frederick W. Taylor

The Principles of Scientific Managemen

t (1911)

The Assembly Line

““The Protectors of Our The Protectors of Our Industries”Industries”

““The Protectors of Our The Protectors of Our Industries”Industries”

The “Bosses” of the The “Bosses” of the SenateSenate

The “Bosses” of the The “Bosses” of the SenateSenate

““On Wealth” On Wealth” Religion in the Era of Religion in the Era of

IndustrializationIndustrialization

““On Wealth” On Wealth” Religion in the Era of Religion in the Era of

IndustrializationIndustrialization

Russell H. ConwellRussell H. Conwell

Wealth no longer looked upon as bad.

Viewed as a sign of God’s approval.

Christian duty to accumulate wealth.

Should not help the poor.

Wealth no longer looked upon as bad.

Viewed as a sign of God’s approval.

Christian duty to accumulate wealth.

Should not help the poor.

The Gospel of WealthThe Gospel of WealthThe Gospel of WealthThe Gospel of Wealth

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

The Anglo-Saxon race is superior.

“Gospel of Wealth” (1889).

Inequality is inevitable and good.

Wealthy should act as “trustees” for their “poorer brethren.”

The Anglo-Saxon race is superior.

“Gospel of Wealth” (1889).

Inequality is inevitable and good.

Wealthy should act as “trustees” for their “poorer brethren.”

So who is doing all this So who is doing all this work??work??

• The The Changing Changing American American Labor Labor ForceForce

Child LaborChild Labor

Child LaborChild Labor

Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

The Molly Maguires(1875)

The Molly Maguires(1875)

JamesJamesMcParlaMcParla

ndnd

The Corpor

ate “Bully-Boys”

–Pinkert

onAgents

The Corpor

ate “Bully-Boys”

–Pinkert

onAgents

Management vs. Labor

Management vs. Labor““Tools” of Tools” of

ManagementManagement““Tools” of Tools” of

LaborLabor

“ “scabs”scabs”

P. R. campaign.P. R. campaign.

Pinkertons.Pinkertons.

lockout.lockout.

blacklisting.blacklisting.

yellow-dog yellow-dog contracts.contracts.

court injunctions.court injunctions.

open shop.open shop.

boycotts.boycotts.

sympathy sympathy demonstrations. demonstrations.

informational informational picketing. picketing.

closed shops.closed shops.

organized organized strikes. strikes.

“ “wildcat” wildcat” strikes.strikes.

A Strik

er Confronts

a SCAB

!

A Strik

er Confronts

a SCAB

!

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of

1877

The Great Railroad Strike of

1877

Knights of Labor

Knights of Labor

Terence V. Terence V. PowderlyPowderly

An injury to one is the concern of An injury to one is the concern of all!all!

Goals of the Knights of Labor

Goals of the Knights of Labor1.1. Eight-hour workday.Eight-hour workday.

2.2. Workers’ cooperatives.Workers’ cooperatives.

3.3. Worker-owned factories.Worker-owned factories.

4.4. Abolition of child and prison labor.Abolition of child and prison labor.

5.5. Increased circulation of Increased circulation of greenbacks.greenbacks.

6.6. Equal pay for men and women.Equal pay for men and women.

7.7. Safety codes in the workplace.Safety codes in the workplace.

8.8. Prohibition of contract foreign Prohibition of contract foreign labor.labor.

9.9. Abolition of the National Bank.Abolition of the National Bank.

Haymarket- Riot (1886)Haymarket- Riot (1886)

McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

Haymarket Martyrs

Haymarket Martyrs

The American Federation

of Labor: 1886

The American Federation

of Labor: 1886

Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers

How the AF of L Would Help the

Workers

How the AF of L Would Help the

Workers1.1. Catered to the skilled worker.Catered to the skilled worker.

2.2. Represented workers in matters of Represented workers in matters of national legislation.national legislation.

3.3. Maintained a national strike fund.Maintained a national strike fund.

4.4. Evangelized the cause of unionism.Evangelized the cause of unionism.

5.5. Prevented disputes among the many Prevented disputes among the many craft unions.craft unions.

6.6. Mediated disputes between Mediated disputes between management and labor.management and labor.

7.7. Pushed for Pushed for closed shopsclosed shops..

Homestead Steel Strike

(1892)

Homestead Steel Strike

(1892)

The Amalgamated The Amalgamated Association of Association of

Iron & Steel Iron & Steel WorkersWorkers

Homestead Homestead Steel WorksSteel Works

A “Comp

anyTown

”:

Pullman, IL

A “Comp

anyTown

”:

Pullman, IL

Pullman Cars

Pullman Cars

A Pullman A Pullman porterporter

The Pullman Strike of 1894

The Pullman Strike of 1894

President Grover Cleveland

President Grover Cleveland

If it takes the entire army and navy to If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card

will be delivered!will be delivered!

The Pullman Strike of 1894

The Pullman Strike of 1894

Government by injunction!Government by injunction!