THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

In this section, you will learn of Britain’s victory in the French

and Indian war, and how it forced France to give up its North American colonies.

By the late 1600’s the French had claimed the Ohio River valley, the Mississippi River valley, and the entire Great Lakes region. The French

territory of Louisiana stretched from the Appalachian

Mountains to the Rocky Mountains.

Some of the French were Jesuit priests who wanted to convert the Native Americans, and

others were fur traders.

Native American’s tribes competed with each other

to supply furs to the Europeans. Some tribes

allied with the French and some with the

English.

France and England declared war on each other in 1689. The

French and English in North America fought each other in a

series of wars. Their Native American allies fought with

them.

Throughout the French and Indian War, English

authorities negotiated with the Native

Americans for their military assistance.

While not as successful in this as their French

counterparts, the English did enjoy some

success, due partly to the presence of the Scottish Highlanders, whom the Indians viewed as being

similar to them.

The French and English attacked each other’s forts and settlements. There were three

wars fought without a clear winner.

The final war between the French and English, called

The French and Indian War (1754-1763), decided which

nation would be in control of North America.

French and

Indian War

Artifacts

Benjamin Franklin proposed that the English colonies band

together under the Albany Plan of Union. This was the first formal proposal to unite the

colonies.

England sent General Braddock to help the colonists fight the war. He and George Washington were badly defeated at Fort Duquesne.

General Edward Braddock

Major George Washington

FOR UNDERSTANDING

By the late 1600’s the ______ had claimed the Ohio River valley, the Mississippi River valley, and the

entire Great Lakes region.

• 1) Spanish

• 2) English

• 3) French

• 4) Native Americans

The French territory of Louisiana stretched from the______ to

the______.

• 1) Ohio, Mississippi River

• 2) Gulf of Mexico, California coast

• 3) Blue Ridge Mountains, Florida Keys

• 4) Appalachian Mountains, Rocky Mountains

Native American’s tribes competed with each other to supply______ to

the Europeans.

• 1) furs

• 2) guns

• 3) food

• 4) land

Some Native American tribes allied with the ______and some with the

______.

• 1) Spanish, English

• 2) Dutch, Spanish

• 3) French, Spanish

• 4) French, English

France and England declared war on each other in the late ______.

• 1) 1500s

• 2) 1600s

• 3) 1700s

• 4) 1800s

The French and English attacked each other’s forts and settlements.

There were ______ wars fought without a clear winner.

• 1) three

• 2) five

• 3) two

• 4) dozens of

A war called ______(1754-1763), decided who would be in control of

North America.

• 1) The Peloponnesian War

• 2) The French and Indian War

• 3) The American Revolution

• 4) The War of the Roses

Benjamin Franklin’s ______ was the first formal proposal to unite the

colonies.

• 1) Albany Plan of Union

• 2) Declaration of Independence

• 3) Poor Richard’s Almanac

• 4) Treaty of Paris

England sent ______to help the colonists fight the war. He and

______were badly defeated at Fort Duquesne.

• 1) Admiral Nelson, General Braddock

• 2) George Washington, Benjamin Franklin

• 3) General Ulysses S. Grant, George Washington

• 4) General Braddock, George Washington

The British defeated the French at the Battle of Quebec. This was the

turning point of the war. In the end, victory would

go to the British.

The French and Indian War officially ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris ending French

power in North America. Britain claimed Florida and all

of North America east of the Mississippi.

The Acadians are the descendants of the original French settlers of the northeastern region of North

America. In the Great Upheaval of 1755, Acadians were uprooted by

the British; some of these resettled in Louisiana, where they became

known as Cajuns.

Exile of the Acadians

The Native Americans who had allied with the French attacked

the British in what was known as Pontiac’s Rebellion. The British fought viciously and crushed the

rebellion.

No authentic images of Pontiac are known to exist

In order to prevent further expensive fights between the

colonists and the Native Americans, the British issued

the Proclamation of 1763 forbidding colonists from

settling west of the Appalachians.

FOR UNDERSTANDING

The British defeated the French at the Battle of Quebec. This______.

• 1) would result in the defeat of the British

• 2) battle was ultimately insignificant

• 3) was the turning point of the war

• 4) forced a compromise between the two powers

The French and Indian War officially ended in 1763 with

the______.

• 1) Treaty of Paris

• 2) Council of Trent

• 3) Albany Plan of Union

• 4) Treaty of Versailles

The French and Indian War officially ended______.

• 1) with the Albany Plan of Union

• 2) in 1754

• 3) French power in North America

• 4) aggression between the French and English

The Native Americans who had allied with the French attacked the

British in what was known as______.

• 1) Pontiac’s Rebellion

• 2) the Battle of Little Bighorn

• 3) Bacon’s Rebellion

• 4) the Stono Rebellion

The Proclamation of 1763 forbade the colonists from settling ______.

• 1) west of the Appalachians

• 2) Spanish Florida

• 3) north into the Yukon Territory

• 4) south of the Río Grande