The Five Themes of Geography

By Vegas McCain

Let’s Review!• What are the SEVENSEVEN CONTINENTS??• Asia• Europe• Africa• Australia• Antarctica• North America • South America

• What are the FOURFOUR OCEANS??• Pacific Ocean• Atlantic Ocean• Arctic Ocean• Indian Ocean

Why Study Geography in a class about World History?

• It affects where people live

• It affects how people live

• It affects the outcome of major events

The 5 Themes of Geography

1. Location2. Movement3. Region4. Place5. Human/ Environment Interaction

Theme # 1: LocationWhere is it??Where is it??

Location:

• There are two types of LOCATION!!

• AbsoluteAbsolute

• RelativeRelative

Absolute Location:

• Absolute Location is found by using…

• Two specific line types

• LatitudeLatitude

• LongitudeLongitude

Absolute Location: • Latitude Lines

AKA (Parallels)

Latitude lines are drawn from: East to WestEast to West

Latitude lines measure: North to SouthNorth to South

• The Major Line of LATITUDE is the:• EquatorEquator

• It splits the Earth into:It splits the Earth into:

• the Northern and the Northern and

Southern HemispheresSouthern Hemispheres

Absolute Location:

Define Hemisphere:

• Half of a globe Half of a globe

(in our case the Earth)(in our case the Earth)

• Other important lines of LATITUDE:

• 22 1/3 * North = Tropic of Cancer• 22 1/3 * South = Tropic of Capricorn

• They are important because: They get the most direct sunlight making these areas the hottest places on Earth

Absolute Location:

• Other important lines:• 66 1/2 * North = Arctic Circle• 66 1/2 * South = Antarctic Circle

They are important because:These areas get the least amount of sunlight. Part of the year there is no sunlight and the other part of the year there is no darkness.

Absolute Location:

• Longitude Lines

AKA (Meridians)

Latitude lines are drawn from: North to SouthNorth to South

Latitude lines measure: East to WestEast to West

Absolute Location:

• The Major Line of LONGITUDE is the:• Prime MeridianPrime Meridian

• It splits the Earth into:It splits the Earth into:

• the Eastern and the Eastern and

Western HemispheresWestern Hemispheres

Absolute Location:

• Can you find an ABSOLUTE LOCATION???

UsingLatitude & Longitude

Try the worksheet!

Absolute Location:

Absolute Location:

30*N 15*W

45*S 45*E

30*S 60*W

15*N 30*E

30*N 60*W

45*N 45*E

60*S 60*W

60*N 30*W

30*S 15*E

60*S 75*E

Absolute Location:

World Latitude & Longitude World Latitude & Longitude ActivityActivity

Cartographer

• A person who is trained to place the round world on a flat piece of paper.

• AKA: Mapmaker

Relative Location:

• Where an area is depending on where Where an area is depending on where another area is!another area is!

Figure out where Miss Rice’s desk is in relation to something else in the room!

Theme # 2: Movement• How are people linked together?How are people linked together?

Movement:

• Movement describes how…Movement describes how…

• How people in one area contact How people in one area contact people in other areaspeople in other areas

Movement:

• What can move??

Movement:

• How can things move??

Movement:• Through movement we connect all of

our world together.

• This is called globalization!globalization!

• When we are interdependent on each other for our economy, culture, politics, socialization, and technology.

Theme # 3: Region

• What does it have in common?What does it have in common?

Region:

• A region describes:• Areas that have something in

common

• Regions can be:

BIGBIGor

smallsmall

Region:

• There are two types of Regions

• FormalFormal

• FunctionalFunctional

Region:

• Formal Regions is an. . .• Area in which a certain characteristic is

found throughout throughout the area

• Example: City, State, Country, Continent

Region:

• Functional Regions

• Have one central place and is surrounded by the areas it affects

• Example: Hershey, PA

Theme # 4: Place What is it like?What is it like?

Place: W

hat i

s it l

ike?

Wha

t is i

t lik

e?

Place: What is it like?What is it like?

Place:

Wha

t is

it lik

e?

Wha

t is

it lik

e?

Place:

Each PLACE on Earth has it own:

DISTINCT CHARACTERISTICSDISTINCT CHARACTERISTICS

Two types:Two types:

HumanHuman

OrOr

PhysicalPhysical

(something that makes it different than any other place in the world)

Place:

• Physical Features:• The Earth is covered in 30 % land• All landforms are described by their elevation• Elevation is the height above sea level

• There are 4 main types of landforms they are:

1.Mountains

2.Hills

3.Plateaus

4.Plains

Place:

• Physical Features:• Another physical feature is also an areas

climate.

– What affects climate?What affects climate?

• There are 3 major climate regions.• TropicalTropical

• Temperate (Mid-Latitude)Temperate (Mid-Latitude)

• PolarPolar

Place:

All climate regions are affected by:1. Sun1. Sun

2. Water2. Water

3. Wind3. Wind

Tropical:

• Everything between the Tropic of Everything between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of CapricornCancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

Tropical:• Most direct sunlightMost direct sunlight

• Temperature changes little throughout the season the lowest temperature is lowest temperature is 6565 degrees F (hot year round)

• It is very humid (lots of moisturevery humid (lots of moisture in in the air)the air)

Temperate (Mid-Latitude):

• Between the Tropics and the Arctic Between the Tropics and the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic CircleCircle and the Antarctic Circle

Temperate (Mid-latitude):

• Moderate temperature with distinct seasons

• Cold in the winterCold in the winter

• Warm in the summerWarm in the summer

• WHERE WE LIVE!!WHERE WE LIVE!!

Temperate:

Polar:• Everything North of the Arctic Circle Everything North of the Arctic Circle

& Everything South of the Antarctic & Everything South of the Antarctic CircleCircle

Polar:• No sunlight during part of the year No sunlight during part of the year

• No darkness during part of the yearNo darkness during part of the year

• Very cold Very cold

• Few people live hereFew people live here

????????????????????????????????

•What is the difference between

Location & Place?

What is the difference between Location & Place?

Location: 5* S , 68 * WLocation: 5* S , 68 * W

What is the difference between Location & Place?

Place: DescribePlace: Describe

• How do we interact with our environment?How do we interact with our environment?

Human/Environment Interaction:

HEI:

• What is an environment?–Natural Surroundings

• Human/Environment Interaction explains:–How people use and change their

environment

HEI:

• The environment influences how:

• We live

• Examples:

Does the environment affect where we Does the environment affect where we do these activities?do these activities?

HEI:

• When ever people come in contact with something they:

• Change it!

• Examples are: » Good

» Bad

» Both

HEI = Global Warming

HEI = Global Warming

• What is Global WarmingWhat is Global Warming

• It is caused by humans

• Too much Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is in the air

• Which in turn makes the Earth’s temperature rise

HEI = Global Warming

1979 2005

What is happening because of global warming?

HEI: Global Warming• If you want to see the If you want to see the

polar ice caps, go polar ice caps, go before 2040before 2040

• Simulations of global warming Simulations of global warming patterns indicate that the polar patterns indicate that the polar ice caps have a high chance of ice caps have a high chance of

melting entirely by 2040.melting entirely by 2040.

www.hippyshopper.com/2006/12/if_you_want_to.html

HEI: Global Warming

• The temperature is melting the polar ice caps !

• Results:• Makes the oceans level riseMakes the oceans level rise

• Floods areas near the oceanFloods areas near the ocean

• Precipitation increased in some areasPrecipitation increased in some areas

• Precipitation decreased in some areas Precipitation decreased in some areas (desert like)(desert like)

HEI: Global Warming

• What can we do to help??

Location:AIQ

Movement:DLM

GeographicThemes

Place:EGOP

Human/Environment Interaction:

BHJN

Can you place the geographic term with

the correct geographic theme!?!?

EquatorBuilding roadsSouthwest AsiaVisiting another countryOn an island Western USA very hot climatePlanting cropslongitude

Cutting down forestsYour neighborhoodChanging your addressWritten lettersBuilding new housesAreas with little rainfallSwiss chalets & high mts = SwitzerlandTexas is south of Oklahoma

Region:

CFK

Location:AIQ

GeographicThemes

Human/Environment Interaction:

BHJN

EquatorBuilding roadsSouthwest AsiaVisiting another countryOn an island Western USA very hot climatePlanting cropslongitude

Cutting down forestsYour neighborhoodChanging your addressWritten lettersBuilding new housesAreas with little rainfallSwiss chalets & high mts = SwitzerlandTexas is south of Oklahoma

Region:

CFK

Location:AIQ

GeographicThemes

Human/Environment Interaction:

BHJN

EquatorBuilding roadsSouthwest AsiaVisiting another countryOn an island Western USA very hot climatePlanting cropslongitude

Cutting down forestsYour neighborhoodChanging your addressWritten lettersBuilding new housesAreas with little rainfallSwiss chalets & high mts = SwitzerlandTexas is south of Oklahoma

Region:

CFK

Location:AIQ

GeographicThemes

Human/Environment Interaction:

BHJN

Place:EGOP

EquatorBuilding roadsSouthwest AsiaVisiting another countryOn an island Western USA very hot climatePlanting cropslongitude

Cutting down forestsYour neighborhoodChanging your addressWritten lettersBuilding new housesAreas with little rainfallSwiss chalets & high mts = SwitzerlandTexas is south of Oklahoma

Region:

CFK

Location:AIQ

GeographicThemes

Human/Environment Interaction:

BHJN

Place:EGOP

EquatorBuilding roadsSouthwest AsiaVisiting another countryOn an island Western USA very hot climatePlanting cropslongitude

Cutting down forestsYour neighborhoodChanging your addressWritten lettersBuilding new housesAreas with little rainfallSwiss chalets & high mts = SwitzerlandTexas is south of Oklahoma

Region:

CFK

Location:AIQ

GeographicThemes

Place:EGOP

EquatorBuilding roadsSouthwest AsiaVisiting another countryOn an island Western USA very hot climatePlanting cropslongitude

Cutting down forestsYour neighborhoodChanging your addressWritten lettersBuilding new housesAreas with little rainfallSwiss chalets & high mts = SwitzerlandTexas is south of Oklahoma

Region:

CFK

Location:AIQ

GeographicThemes

Human/Environment Interaction:

BHJN

Movement:DLM

Can you place the geographic term with

the correct geographic theme!?!?