Is the total volume of the water at or near the earth surface which is approximately 1 500 000 000 km cube.

Is the study of waters of the earth in their several states ( solid, liquid, gas) and the diverse path that link together the oceans, atmospherics moisture and surface and ground in the water in the continent.

1. ocean2. Glacial ice3. Fresh water in lakes and rivers4. Atmospheric water vapor

1. NORTHERN HEMISPHERE2. SOUHTERN HEMISHPERE

1. MARINE WATER-coastal and oceanic

2. SUBSURFACE WATER- well, geyser, aquifer

3. FRESH SURFACE WATER- river, stream, lakes, swamps, waterfalls

the scientific study and exploration of the oceans and the seas in all their aspects.

1. Biological world of the oceans2. Physical aspects of sea water3. Ocean floor and the sediments

that accumulate there4. Chemistry of sea water

1. GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY2. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY3. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY4. PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

Is a major primary subdivision of the intercommunicating body of salt water occupying the depressions of the earth’s surface bounded by continents and imaginary lines.

1. THE ATMOSPHERE FORMS2. THE RISEN FALL3. THE OCEANIC FORM

1. BATHAL ZONE -2,000 m( 6,560 ft.)

2. ABYSSAL ZONE -2,000-6,000 m (6,560- 19, 690 ft.)

3. HADAL ZONE – below 6,000 m ( 19, 690 ft.)

the importance of the is that:it may help us solve the food

problemknowledge of ocean’s current and its effects on air movements will help to control the earths climate

1. Water Sampling Bottles

2. Deep-Sea Thermometer

3. Bottom Samplers

4. Current Meters

5. Sonic Depth Records6. Deep Sea Cameras

OCEANOCEAN FLOORFLOOR- - the near-the near-horizontal surface of the ocean basinhorizontal surface of the ocean basin

1. TRENCH2. ISLAND ARCH3. MID-OCEANIC RIDGE4. CONTINENTAL SLOPE5. CONTINENTAL SHELF 6. SUBMARINE CANYON7. ABYSSAL PLAIN8. SEAMOUNT9. GUYOT10.ISLAND

the alternate rising and falling of the surface of the ocean

SPRING TIDES ( greater tides)NEAP TIDES ( smaller tides)

1. PACIFIC OCEAN- 3/8 2. ATLANTIC OCEAN- ¼3. INDIAN OCEAN- 1/84. ARCTIC OCEAN5. ANTARTIC OCEAN

- is the boundaries and distinctive water properties due to: a. restricted communication with the open sea b. influence of the adjacent of continents or variable wind pattern c. usually excessive precipitation and river discharge

1. ANDAMAN SEA2. BALTIC SEA3. BARENTS SEA4. BERING SEA5. CARIBBEAN SEA6. CHINA SEA7. HUDSAN BAY8. MEDITERRANEAN SEA9. NORTH SEA10.RED SEA11.SEA OF JAPAN12.SEA OF OKHOTSK

CHLORIDE 54.3%

SODIUM 30.2%

SULPHATE 7.6%

CALCIUM 1.2% MAGNESIUM 3.7%

OTHER CHEMICALS 1.9% POTASSIUM 1.1%SODIUM CHLORIDE

MAGNESIUM CHLORIDEMAGNESIUN SULFATECALCIUM SULFATEPOTASSIUM SULFATECALCIUM CARBONATEMAGNESIUM BROMIDE

1. world’s source of Mg, Br2. Important salt of ordinary3. Acts as great heat reservoir4. Provide the least expensive form of transportation5. Margins of sea serve as one of the major sites of

reaction6. A dumping ground for many waste7. Major potential source of protein and power8. Source of food and water, building products,

jewelry and fertilizer

the complete cycle through which water passes from the oceans, through the atmosphere, to the land and back to the ocean.

PROCESSES PRODUCTS OCCURENCE

1. EVAPORATION Water vapor Water bodies

2. CONDENSATION Cloud atmosphere

3. PRECIPITATION Rain Atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere

4. RUN OFF

5. PERCOLATION OF GROUND WATER

absorbed water in pore spaces half filled with air in absorbed water in pore spaces half filled with air in the zone of aeration and in the zone of saturation.the zone of aeration and in the zone of saturation.

GROUNDWATERGROUNDWATERAll subsurface water, especially that part is in the All subsurface water, especially that part is in the zone of saturationzone of saturation

Largest reservoir of unfrozen fresh water Largest reservoir of unfrozen fresh water

1. Agent of erosion2. Equalizer of stream flow3. Acts as storehouse providing

water to stream4. Supply water biological needed by

all living organisms

1. METEORIC WATER- precipitate2. Water trapped in microscopic spaces in sedimentary

rocks3. MAGNETIC WATER- bound up in minerals

WELL- hole that is dug or drilled deep enough in to the ground to reach the water table

AQUIFER- a permeable body of rock capable of yielding quantities of groundwater to well and springs.

SPRING- occur wherever groundwater comes naturally to the surface

TYPES OF SPRING1. MINERAL SPRING- with dissolved minerals2. ALKALI SPRING of the dessert3. SULFUR SPRING

HOT SPRING-formed when water gets heated by nearby magma before coming out of the earth

GEYSER- a hot spring that emits or throw steam and hot water in the air periodically

an inland body of water, small to moderately large, with its surface water exposed to the atmosphere

1. Existence of a depression / basin without an outlet at the bottom2. Depressed water table

1.DIASTROPHISM2.GLACIAL ACTION3.VOLCANIC ACTION

1.SEDIMENT BUILDS2.SWAMP FORMS3.LAKE DISAPPEAR

1.KETTLE LAKE2.TARN3.VOLCANIC LAKE4.OXBOW LAKE

1.Provide cheap transportation2.Serves as water reservoir3.Provide water for generating

electricity4.Source of livelihood- fishing5.Form of reaction

-basin that becomes partly or completely filled with fresh and decayed vegetation sediment in water.

REGIONS WHERE SWAMPS ARE COMMON:

1. GLACIAL REGION2. COASTAL REGION3. FLOOD PLAINS AND DELT’S OF RIVERS

-natural stream of water of fairly large size flowing in a definite course.-a large, natural freshwater surface stream having permanent or seasonal flow and moving downwards the sea, lakes or another rive in a definite channel.

-A river may begin its life in glaciated part of the world. Melting ice and snow from a glacier feed mountain streams.

OVERLAND FLOW- Rainwater running downhill gathers into small streams called TRIBUTARIES, which join to form river.

WATERFALL- a perpendicular or nearly perpendicular descent of water in a stream-stream of water descending suddenly from higher to a lower level

1.CASCADE- with small water volume2.CATARACT- with large water volume