THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Prepared by:MARICARR D. ALEGRE

FOOD

- any substance which when absorbed into your body tissues, yields materials for the production of energy

DIGESTION -the process of reducing food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the body

Types of Digestion

Mechanical Phase- process which food is acted

upon physically or mechanically

- means grinding, cutting and mashing large bits of food into fine mixture

Types of Digestion

Chemical Phase- it needs actions of

digestive enzymes into more soluble form

Your digestive tracts or food tube consist of the following: (1) mouth (2) esophagus (3) stomach (4) small intestine (5) large intestine (6) anus

The accessory organs are (1) salivary glands (2) pancreas (3) liver (4) gallbladder

Digestion from the Mouth

Digestion from the Mouth Saliva – lubricates the food and

secretes an enzyme, ptyalin or salivary amylase, that convert starch to maltose

3 Salivary GlandsParotid glandsSubmaxillary glandsSublingual glands

Digestion from the Mouth

Tongue – pushes the food to the back of your mouth

Bolus – a soft, mass of rounded ball of food that is being chewed

Digestion in the Esophagus

Pharynx – an alimentary canal where food goes down after the digestion in the mouth

Epiglottis- a flap of tissue that closes over the trachea to prevent the food from entering

Digestion in the Esophagus

Esophagus – carries the food down the stomach

Peristalsis – a rhythmic, wavelike

muscular action that pushes the food downward

Digestion in the Stomach

Stomach – a large J-shape organ found at the end of the esophagus

- contraction of the muscles of the stomach causes the churning, squeezing and twisting effect

- it where partial digestion of food happens

Digestion in the Stomach

Digestion in the Stomach

Cardiac spincter – closes and opens to allow the flow of food from the esophagus to the stomach

Pepsin – enzymes secreted in the stomach that breaks down the protein

Digestion in the Stomach

Pyloric valve or spincter – opens and closes to allow the food getting in the small intestine

Chyme – partial product retained in the stomach before transferring into the small intestine

Digestion in the Small Intestine

3 Major Parts1. duodenum – upper 20 cm

2. jejunum – 2.5 meters long

3. ileum – longest half coiled into the abdominal cavity

Digestion in the Small Intestine

It is where the final digestion and absorption of food take place

Digestion in the Small Intestine

Villi – small fingerlike projection in the lining of the small intestine that is used in absorption

Maltase – enzymes that break down maltose into glucose

PANCREAS

Pancreas – a digestive gland that serves 2 functions:

1. secrete hormones that regulate blood glucose

2. and secretes pancreatic juice that nutralizes the acid in the stomach

LIVER

LIVER AND BILE

The liver is the largest gland in your body that carries the gall bladder

Gall bladder – Produces a blue green fluid called bile

GALL BLADDER

LARGE INTESTINE

LARGE INTESTINE

Undigested food goes down into the large intestine

It is where the absorption of water is happen

It is also called as colon

FECES – remaining food material

RECTUM AND ANUS

RECTUM AND ANUS

Rectum – 20 to 30 cm

- a muscular cavity where feces is temporarily stored

Anus – end of the alimentary canal

How can we take care of our digestive system?

How can we take care of our digestive system?

step1: Eat right, consume protein, carbohydrates in right amount and make sure you get plenty of fiber. Eat on right time schedule.

step2: Drink plenty of water and avoid sugary drinks or those that contain caffeine. Limit alcohol drinks to 2 times a day.

step3: Exercise. Moving around helps things move along

step4: Be alert problems that don't go away. Symptoms such as heartburn, constipation and stomach upset can be caused by as serious as cancer. If you've been suffering for more than a couple of weeks, see your doctor.

step5: Get scheduled tests. your doctor will tell you when you need to have regular colonoscopy to find and remove precancerous polyps. If your doctor recommend you other tests, get those as well.

step6: Quit smoking!!! Among the many reasons to quit smoking, it contributes digestive problems such as heartburn, ulcers, and gallstones.