The compound sentence. The compound sentence. Ranks of its parts, the Ranks of its parts, the

problem of its existence problem of its existence as a separate structural as a separate structural

typetype

презентация подготовлена Лидией Караваевой, презентация подготовлена Лидией Караваевой, студенткой РГПУ им. А.И.Герцена, группа 2па, 2009г.студенткой РГПУ им. А.И.Герцена, группа 2па, 2009г.

composite sentence composite sentence is is built on the built on the principle of coordinationprinciple of coordination

Means of coordination: Means of coordination:

syndeticallysyndetically

asyndeticallyasyndetically

The main semantic relations (according to M.Y.Blokh)

copulative,copulative,

adversative, adversative,

disjunctive, disjunctive,

causal, causal,

consequential, consequential,

resultative.resultative.

"compound sentence" is a "compound sentence" is a fictitious notion developed under fictitious notion developed under the school influence of written the school influence of written presentation of speechpresentation of speech

It is a sequence of semantically It is a sequence of semantically related independent sentences not related independent sentences not separated by full stops in writingseparated by full stops in writing

Problems of identifyingProblems of identifying a compound sentence a compound sentence as a separate structural as a separate structural type type (according to Ch.Fries):(according to Ch.Fries):

1.1. the possibility of a the possibility of a

falling, finalising tonefalling, finalising tone

between the coordinated between the coordinated predicative unitspredicative units

2. 2. the existence, in written speech, of the existence, in written speech, of independently presented independently presented sentences introduced by the same sentences introduced by the same conjunctions as the would-be conjunctions as the would-be "clauses""clauses"

3. 3. the possibility of a full stop-the possibility of a full stop-separation of the said "coordinate separation of the said "coordinate clauses" with the preservation of clauses" with the preservation of the same semantic relations the same semantic relations between thembetween them

BUT!BUT!

There’s a substantial semantic-syntactic There’s a substantial semantic-syntactic difference between the compound difference between the compound sentence and the corresponding textual sentence and the corresponding textual sequence of independent sentencessequence of independent sentences

the coordinative syntactic the coordinative syntactic functions in actionfunctions in action - - different different distributions of the expressed distributions of the expressed ideas is achievedideas is achieved bby means of y means of differences in syntactic differences in syntactic distributions of predicative unitsdistributions of predicative units

Homer adores doughnuts.Homer adores doughnuts.

Marge can not standMarge can not stand

the sight of themthe sight of them

Each is convinced of the Each is convinced of the infallibility of one's artistic infallibility of one's artistic judgment. That arouses prolonged judgment. That arouses prolonged arguments.arguments.

Compare:Compare:Homer adores doughnuts, but Marge Homer adores doughnuts, but Marge can not stand the sight of them. - Each can not stand the sight of them. - Each is convinced of the infallibility of one's is convinced of the infallibility of one's judgment, and that arouses prolonged judgment, and that arouses prolonged arguments.arguments.Homer adores donuts. But Marge can Homer adores donuts. But Marge can not stand the sight of them, - each is not stand the sight of them, - each is convinced of the infallibility of one's convinced of the infallibility of one's judgment. And that arouses prolonged judgment. And that arouses prolonged arguments.arguments.

The intonation should be taken The intonation should be taken into account when considering into account when considering general problems of sentence general problems of sentence identificationidentification

The speaker has intonation at his The speaker has intonation at his disposal as a means of forming disposal as a means of forming sentences, combining sentences, sentences, combining sentences, and separating sentences.and separating sentences.

two or more base sentences which two or more base sentences which are connected on the principle of are connected on the principle of coordination either syndetically or coordination either syndetically or asyndetically.asyndetically.

by means of combining or non-by means of combining or non-combining predicative units into a combining predicative units into a coordinative polypredicative coordinative polypredicative sequence the corresponding sequence the corresponding closeness or looseness of closeness or looseness of connections between the reflected connections between the reflected events is shown, which is another events is shown, which is another aspect of coordinative syntactic aspect of coordinative syntactic functionsfunctions

"leading" and "sequential“ clauses "leading" and "sequential“ clauses

The coordinating connectors or The coordinating connectors or coordinators, are divided into coordinators, are divided into conjunctions proper and semi-conjunctions proper and semi-functional clausal connectors of functional clausal connectors of adverbial characteradverbial character

and, but, or, nor, neither, for, either and, but, or, nor, neither, for, either ... ... or, neither or, neither ... ... nornor

The main adverbial coordinators The main adverbial coordinators are: are: then, yet, so, thus, then, yet, so, thus, consequently, nevertheless, consequently, nevertheless, howeverhowever

Karavayeva LidiaKaravayeva Lidia

Herzen University 2009 Herzen University 2009