Post on 24-Dec-2015
Chapter 26The Cold War
EQ
What was the Cold War? How did it shape 20th Century
America?
AKS
49a - describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Berlin Airlift, the Truman Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy
49b - explain the impact of the new communist regime in China, the outbreak of the Korean War, and how these events contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy
49c - describe the Cuban Revolution, the Bay of Pigs, and the Cuban missile crisis
49d - describe the Vietnam War, the Tonkin Resolution, and the Tet Offensive
49e - describe the impact of competition with the USSR, as evidenced by the launch of Sputnik I, and the ensuing space race, and President Eisenhower's actions (defense spending)
49f - explain the role of geography on the U.S. containment policy, the Korean War, the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War
What does the bomb have to do with the Cold War?
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=67a31aca-0507-4bab-ae61-035a4e617411
Before WWII – Balance of World Power
U.S.A.
Japan
Britain France
U.S.S.R.
Germany
After WWII – Balance of World Power
?
?
Britain
What is a “Cold War?”
?
The Cold War
The Cold War and the danger of nuclear war define international affairs, especially after the Korean War. Fear of communism in the U.S. leads to accusations against innocent citizens.
http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/coldwar/
Communism vs. Capitalism
VS
Communism
An economic system based on one-party rule, government ownership of means of production, and decision making by centralized authorities Secret Police Purges
Capitalism
An economic system in which there is private ownership of natural resources and capital goods Free enterprise
A Symbol of Peace
The United Nations 1945, United Nations established as new
peacekeeping body UN becomes arena where U.S., U.S.S.R.
compete
Review
What is a “cold war?” What started The Cold War? Who were the two super powers that
emerged from WWII? What is the UN?
What kind of drills do we have in schools today?
Presidential Profile
Harry Truman (#33) In Office: April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953 Democrat FDR’s VP “The buck stops here.” Integrated the military From Missouri Scholars consider him
one of the greatest U.S. Presidents
U.S. Aims Versus U.S.S.R. Aims in Europe
THE U.S. WANTED TO…
Create a new world order in which all nations had the right to self-determination
Gain access to raw materials and markets for its industries
Rebuild governments and create new markets
Reunite Germany
THE U.S.S.R. WANTED TO… Encourage
Communism Rebuild its war-
ravaged country using resources from Eastern Europe
Control Eastern Europe to balance U.S. influence in Western Europe
Keep Germany divided and weak
With a partner, summarize the aims of the U.S. vs The U.S.S.R.
Tension Builds
Soviets Tighten Their Grip on Eastern Europe Soviet Union also has great economic,
military strength Unlike U.S., Soviet Union suffered heavy
devastation on own soil Installs communist rule in satellite
nations, countries it dominates 1946, Stalin announces war between
communism, capitalism inevitable
Tension Builds (cont.)
United States Establishes a Policy of U.S. policy of containment—measures
to prevent spread of communism http://player.discoveryeducation.com/ind
ex.cfm?guidAssetId=abaeca30-fe7f-4e33-b12f-a7af60d9f3bb
What does Churchill mean by the term “Iron Curtain?”
The Iron Curtain
Review
What is a Cold War? Who were the powers involved? Describe the policy of containment. What are satellite nations? What did Churchill mean by “iron
curtain?”
Truman Doctrine
U.S. will fight for the freedom of other nations and people around the world
The Marshall Plan
1947, Sec. of State George Marshall proposes aid to nations in need
Marshall Plan revives 16 nations; Communist parties less appealing
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=232f0796-c0c8-4d41-89f4-06de6477c618
The Berlin Airlift
1948, Stalin closes highway, rail routes into West Berlin
Berlin airlift—Britain, U.S. fly food, supplies into West Berlin 327 days 277,000 flights 2.3 million tons of supplies
Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), German Democratic Republic (East Germany) form
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North Atlantic Treat Organization (NATO)
An attack on one is an attack on all!
China Becomes a Communist State
CHIANG KAI-SHEK
Nationalists Ruled in southern and
eastern china Relied on aid from U.S. Suffered from economic
hardship Weak leadership and poor
morale http://player.discoveryeduc
ation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=A73654F2-1561-442E-AB28-024739ECBF3B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
MAO ZEDONG
Communist Ruled in northern China Relied on aid from the
Soviets Attracted peasants with
promises of land reform Experienced Guerillas
The Korean War
The Korean War (cont.)
North Korea Attacks South Korea 1950, North Korea invades South,
begins Korean War South Korea calls on UN to stop
invasion http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudi
es/ushistory/koreanwar/ http://player.discoveryeducation.com
/index.cfm?guidAssetId=d9336fc6-d8ea-477d-ae18-373601bb882a
Review
What are satellite nations? What is the Truman Doctrine? What is the Marshall Plan? What happens in the Berlin Airlift? What happens in China? How does the Korean War start? How is Korea divided?
The Korean War (cont.)
War lasts for about 2 years 1953 armistice: Korea still divided; Lack of success, high human,
financial costs help elect Eisenhower
Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) - #34 In Office: January
20, 1953 – January 20, 1961
Supreme Allied commander in WWII
Republican From Texas Interstate system
Fear of Communism
During the late 1940s and early 1950s, fear of communism leads to reckless charges against innocent citizens
Fear of Communists
American Sentiments Communist takeover of Eastern Europe,
China fuel fear of its spread 100,000 in U.S. Communist Party; some
fear may be loyal to U.S.S.R
The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
House Un-American Activities Committee investigates Communist ties
Hollywood blacklist—people with Communist ties, cannot get work
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3C013878-1512-43A1-AD4A-94EF5B238E70
Alger Hiss and The Rosenburgs 1949, Soviets explode atomic bomb
sooner than expected Physicist Klaus Fuchs admits giving
information about U.S. bomb Ethel, Julius Rosenberg, minor
Communist Party activists, implicated Rosenbergs sentenced to death;
Supreme Court upholds conviction http://player.discoveryeducation.com/i
ndex.cfm?guidAssetId=d82fc96a-77ba-4e5a-9861-c5f8d843a434
McCarthyism
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3C013878-1512-43A1-AD4A-94EF5B238E70
Review
What are satellite nations? What is the Truman Doctrine? What is the Marshall Plan? What happens in the Berlin Airlift? What happens in China? How does the Korean War start? How is Korea divided?
McCarthy’s Downfall
1954, McCarthy accuses members of U.S. Army
Televised hearings show him bullying witnesses
Loses public support; Senate condemns him for improper conduct
What does this say about America during this time?
Think (30 seconds) Pair (1 minute) Share!
Review
What was the Truman Doctrine? What is containment? What was the Marshall Plan? What happened in China? Why was this
important in the Cod War? Why was Korea divided? Where was it divided? Who was the “witch hunting” senator from
WI? What committee “blacklisted” Hollywood
insiders as communists?
Arms Race
Race for the H-Bomb H-bomb—hydrogen bomb—nuclear
weapon more powerful than atom bomb 1952, U.S. explodes first H-bomb; 1953,
Soviets explode one The Policy of Brinkmanship
willingness to risk nuclear war to prevent spread of communism
Stalin dies (1953), Khruschev takes power
Nikita Kruschev Had same goals as Stalin but favored
peaceful coexistence
Central Intelligence Agency
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) uses spies to gather information
The Warsaw Pact
Form Warsaw Pact—military alliance with 7 Eastern European countries
The Space Race
October 1957, Soviets launch Sputnik, first artificial satellite
Shocked Americans pour money into own space program
Sputnik
U-2 Incident
A U-2 Is Shot Down CIA makes secret high-altitude flights
with U-2 to spy on Soviets U-2 incident renews tension between
superpowers http://player.discoveryeducation.com/?bl
nPreviewOnly=1&guidAssetId=946d7187-1393-4450-abe5-cc8993878c2b
QUIZ – Open Notes/NO BOOK!Use your own sheet of paper to answer the following questions:1. What two nations emerged from WWII as the strongest in the world?2.What is the name of the peace-keeping force established in 1945 and still around today?3.What were the nations where the U.S.S.R. established communist governments?4.What was the name of the U.S. policy to limit the spread of communism?5.What was the name of the plan to rebuild war-devastated Europe?6.Name of the effort to fly in supplies to an isolated West Berlin?7.Who became the communist leader of China?8.What line separated North and South Korea?9.Who was the Senator that used “witch hunting” techniques to expose communists in U.S.?10.What was the name of the first satellite launched into space?
Answers
1. U.S. and Soviet Union2. U.N. or United Nations3. Satellite4. Containment5. Marshall Plan6. Berlin Airlift7. Mao Zedong8. 38th parallel9. Joseph McCarthy10.Sputnik