The Cold War: The Cold War: Key TermsKey Terms

SuperpowersSuperpowers

Nations stronger than other powerful Nations stronger than other powerful nationsnations

Examples: U.S. & U.S.S.R. during the Examples: U.S. & U.S.S.R. during the Cold WarCold War

Cold WarCold War

State of tension and hostility State of tension and hostility between nations aligned with the between nations aligned with the United States on one side and the United States on one side and the USSR on the other …USSR on the other …

Rarely led to direct armed conflictRarely led to direct armed conflict• KoreaKorea• VietnamVietnam

Fear of Nuclear WarFear of Nuclear War

United StatesUnited States

Major Superpower of the Cold WarMajor Superpower of the Cold War ““Leader of the Free World”Leader of the Free World” ““Protector of Freedom”Protector of Freedom” A Democratic RepublicA Democratic Republic Capitalist Economy – free enterpriseCapitalist Economy – free enterprise Resorted to questionable tactics to stop Resorted to questionable tactics to stop

Soviet expansionSoviet expansion• Supporting noncommunist dictatorsSupporting noncommunist dictators• Bay of Pigs invasionBay of Pigs invasion

Soviet UnionSoviet Union

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics / Union of Soviet Socialist Republics / U.S.S.R.U.S.S.R.

Superpower during the Cold WarSuperpower during the Cold War Archenemy of the United StatesArchenemy of the United States Leader of the Communist worldLeader of the Communist world

NATONATO

North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization United States & its (noncommunist) United States & its (noncommunist)

alliesallies

Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact

Military alliance between the Soviet Military alliance between the Soviet Union and its alliesUnion and its allies

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

Concrete barrier erected in 1961 to Concrete barrier erected in 1961 to divide East and West Berlindivide East and West Berlin• Communist East GermanyCommunist East Germany• Noncommunist WestNoncommunist West

A Cold War symbolA Cold War symbol Fell in 1989Fell in 1989

SEATOSEATO

Southeast-Asia Treaty OrganizationSoutheast-Asia Treaty Organization Founded in 1955Founded in 1955 Alliance between the U.S. & its alliesAlliance between the U.S. & its allies

• U.S., Britain, France, Australia, Pakistan, U.S., Britain, France, Australia, Pakistan, Thailand, New Zealand, PhilippinesThailand, New Zealand, Philippines

CENTOCENTO

Central Treaty OrganizationCentral Treaty Organization Britain, Turkey, Iran, and PakistanBritain, Turkey, Iran, and Pakistan

Soviet BlocSoviet Bloc

Soviet Union and its alliesSoviet Union and its allies See packet mapSee packet map

Fidel CastroFidel Castro

Cuban leaderCuban leader Led the Cuban Revolution: organized Led the Cuban Revolution: organized

an armed rebellion against a corrupt an armed rebellion against a corrupt dictator and in 1959, Castro led his dictator and in 1959, Castro led his guerilla army to victory and set guerilla army to victory and set about transforming Cuba.about transforming Cuba.

Established a communist stateEstablished a communist state Soviet allySoviet ally

CubaCuba

Communist stateCommunist state 90 miles off the coast of Florida90 miles off the coast of Florida U.S. had a trade embargo against itU.S. had a trade embargo against it Currently led by Raul CastroCurrently led by Raul Castro

Bay of Pigs InvasionBay of Pigs Invasion

U.S. attempt to bring down the U.S. attempt to bring down the Communist regime in Cuba - 1961Communist regime in Cuba - 1961

Ended in failureEnded in failure Embarrassment for the Kennedy Embarrassment for the Kennedy

AdministrationAdministration

Trade EmbargoTrade Embargo

The refusal to buy or sell goods from The refusal to buy or sell goods from a countrya country

Tactic to force change / show Tactic to force change / show disapprovaldisapproval

““An economic punishment”An economic punishment”• The United States’ trade embargo The United States’ trade embargo

against Cuba.against Cuba.

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

Soviet dictator from 1924 – 1953Soviet dictator from 1924 – 1953 RuthlessRuthless Responsible for more deaths than Responsible for more deaths than

HitlerHitler

PurgesPurges

The “elimination” of political enemies The “elimination” of political enemies aka “enemies of the state” which aka “enemies of the state” which included those anti-communist AND included those anti-communist AND OR anti-StalinOR anti-Stalin

Would be considered “cruel and Would be considered “cruel and unusual punishment” in the United unusual punishment” in the United StatesStates

Ensured Stalin’s totalitarian ruleEnsured Stalin’s totalitarian rule Basic definition: to purifyBasic definition: to purify

IdeologyIdeology

System of thoughts, beliefs, valuesSystem of thoughts, beliefs, values Communist ideology vs. a democratic Communist ideology vs. a democratic

ideologyideology

Command EconomyCommand Economy

Economic system associated with Economic system associated with communismcommunism

System in which gov’t officials make System in which gov’t officials make all basic economic decisions all basic economic decisions • What do produce?What do produce?• How to produce it?How to produce it?• For whom to produce?For whom to produce?

ContainmentContainment

The U.S. strategy of keeping The U.S. strategy of keeping communism within its existing communism within its existing boundaries & preventing its further boundaries & preventing its further expansion.expansion.

The Cold War:The Cold War:BackgroundBackground

Began after WW II between the U.S. and the Began after WW II between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.U.S.S.R.

Period of great tensionPeriod of great tension• Armed conflicts in Korea & VietnamArmed conflicts in Korea & Vietnam• Potential threat of Nuclear WarPotential threat of Nuclear War

Would impact world history for over 40 yearsWould impact world history for over 40 years Superpowers formed alliancesSuperpowers formed alliances ““Anything you can do, I can do better.” (while Anything you can do, I can do better.” (while

trying to prevent the other side from hurting you/ trying to prevent the other side from hurting you/ obtaining an advantage)obtaining an advantage)

European Nations:European Nations:Communist or Free?Communist or Free?

CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia CommunistCommunist

Communist or Free?Communist or Free?

East GermanyEast Germany CommunistCommunist

Communist or Free?Communist or Free?

FinlandFinland FreeFree

Communist or Free?Communist or Free?

FranceFrance FreeFree

Communist or Free?Communist or Free?

Great BritainGreat Britain FreeFree

HungaryHungary

CommunistCommunist

ItalyItaly

FreeFree

NorwayNorway

FreeFree

PolandPoland

CommunistCommunist

PortugalPortugal

FreeFree

RomaniaRomania

CommunistCommunist

Soviet UnionSoviet Union

CommunistCommunist

SpainSpain

FreeFree

SwedenSweden

FreeFree

West GermanyWest Germany

FreeFree

YugoslaviaYugoslavia

CommunistCommunist