The Arabic Peninsula

5 Conclusions of History

•Economics•Social Structures •Beliefs•Politics•Language

Geography

Geography

Life on the Peninsula

Physical Features

•San Dunes- hills of sand shaped by wind

•Oasis: wet and fertile land (a wet area where the underground bubbles) Plant routes spread out to get as much water as possible

Location-Location-Location

•Geographical Region: Arabic Peninsula

•Vernacular Area: Middle East

•Crossroads: Near Africa, Asia and Europe (trade routes link these three countries)

Trade brought:

•New People•New Ideas•New Beliefs•New Products

•All this influenced Arabian culture and society

Ways of Life

•Sedentary- townspeople, merchants, craftspeople,

•Nomadic- camels for transportation and milk, lived with tribes when traveling

Merchants

•Carried goods- spices, silk, gold

•How did they carry it?

•Land and Sea

Trade Centers

•Souks- markets or bazaars-they sold gold, leather, spices

•Caravan- a group of traders that travel together

The Arabic Peninsula

•Dry Hot desert•Lack of water

•Arabia's location, physical features and climates shaped life

Story Time…

•There once was a prophet named Muhammad. He was born in 570 AD.

•His father died before he was born. And his mother died when he was six. Poor Muhammad.

•He was then raised by his grandfather and later his uncle. He traveled with his uncles caravan. Yeah Muhammad!!!

•He then met his beautiful wife Khadijah. They owned a caravan company together. He was only 25.

•Caravans made Mecca a rich city. The rich helped the poor…

Until……

•The wealthy eventually stopped helping the poor. Muhammad was upset about this.

•Muhammad went to a cave and meditated about this problem. And all of a sudden….

•An angel appeared in the cave telling Muhammad to recite was he was praying about.

•Because the angle had spoken to Muhammad…he became a prophet (in charge of delivering the message to the people).

•In 613 AD Muhammad began to tell other people about his message.

•Then started Islam- a belief. And Muslims the followers

•Muhammad began to teach. He taught beliefs similar to Judaism and Christianity

•This upset the people of Arabia…they already had their own beliefs

• Muhammad was teaching there was only one God. Allah. This was monotheistic.

•But the people believed in polytheism. In more than one god.

•Yikes people were mad

•People worshipped in a shrine in Mecca called the Kaaba. But would the polytheistic people or monotheistic people get to stay?

•The Arabs were angry. They didn’t like to be told to stop worshiping their gods.

•New religion seems like a threat and rich and poor would be equal. This worried the rich.

Money Money Money

•Muhammad started his teachings in Mecca. But the merchants in Mecca wanted Muhammad dead. NO NEW RELIGION!

•In 622 Muhammad left mecca for Medina with his daughter Fatimah. 622 is the first year of the Islamic Calendar.

•In Medina, Muhammad was safe and his house became the first Mosque.

•But people still faced Mecca when they prayed. SO

•In 630 Mecca people accepted Muslim people back to the city

•Muhammad's work was done.

•He died in 632 AD.

Islam; a Belief:

•Quran

•Jihad

•Sunnah

•Shariah

•5 pillars of Islam

Mecca

•Everyone must make a trip to Mecca in their lifetime

Quran- Holy Book

•Only one God- Allah•Muhammad- Prophet•Muslims must wash themselves before

praying to be pure to Allah•No Pork or Alcohol•Muslims to treat each other equal-free

slaved•Rights of Women- Own property, earn

money, get an education

Jihad- Holy War

•To make an effort or to struggle•Inner struggle people go through in order

to obey•Struggle to defend Muslim Community or

historically convert people to Islam

Hadith

•The written record of Muhammad

•This is the basis for Sunnah( the example of how to live, how Muhammad lived)

Sunnah and Daily life

How to treat peopleMuhammad's example for the duties and way of life expected of Muslims

Islamic Laws- Shariah

• required way of living

•Accepted way of life

•Judged way of living

•Disapproved way of living

•Good behavior and Punishments

5 Pillars of Islam

Hijab- Head Dress

Ramadan

•9month of Islamic calendar

•29-30 days

•No drinking, smoking or eating during the day

Quran

Mosque

Arabic

Allah

symbol

How Islam Spread

•Story Time

•Ms. M once told you that TRADING was the most important factor in spreading of cultures, goods, people and ideas. Well….

Islam spread like this….trade helped spread Islam to new areas. But…

•Muslim armies conquered many lands and a mix of cultures eventually spread the belief.

•Then came Abu Bakr. So who was Abu Bakr? He was….

•The leader after Muhammad's death. He was a Caliph. But what is a Caliph…

•A Caliph is the highest leader of Islam

•So this Bakr guy, was a political and military leader.

•Abu bakr started a series of battles against Arab tribes.

•But in 634 the Bakr guy died. But before he died he made Arabia a Unified Muslim State. Yeah Bakr!!! Go Arabia.

•Muslim armies then defeated Persian and Byzantine Empires.

•Then a law passed. Since Arabia was a unified Muslim state…what happened if you lived there and you were NOT Muslim. Well….

•Non-Muslims could not build palaces or places of worship in Muslim cities or dress like Muslims. Poor Non-Muslims.

•Then it all happened. The treaty of THE PACT of UMAR.

•In 637, three years after the death of the Bakr guy, Muslims conquered Syria. And….

•The Muslim groups split. There was the Shia group and the Sunni Group. Which group was better?

•Neither.

•But the Shia group was lead by Muhammad's grandson. However he was Killed, so sad because he was the carrier of the belief in the group.

•Then the Empire continued to grow thanks to the Umayyad Family. They had many Caliphs. But what a Caliph?

•A caliph is the highest leader of Islam

•The Umayyad family moved from Media to Damascus and gained control of the Eastern Mediterranean.

•But the growth slowed

•The Battles with the Berbers in the late 600s made it difficult to expand Islam to Northern Africa

•Then the trade helped expand the empire in 711 to Spain.

•The Islam empire was all over. From Northern Africa to Spain to Persia and the Mediterranean.

•So the Arabia crossroads gave Muslim Merchants easy access to South Asia, Europe and Africa.

•But where else did Islam Expand to?

•The Spread of Islam….to be continued……

•Trade helped spread Islam.▫South Asia▫Europe ▫Africa▫India

•Merchants spread Islam▫Through Trading

▫Even in 1200-1600 trade helped spread Islam to Malaysia and Indonesia.

Trade Brought…

•Products and Inventions

Products

•Chinese taught Arabs how to make paper and use gunpowder and white pottery called porcelain

•From India and China and Southeast Asia came cotton, rice, oranges and cloth

•Africa brought Ivory, cloves and Slaves and salt

Wednesday October 19

•Map of Empires

•3 Different Empires

Three different Islamic Empires

•Ottoman•Safavid•Mughal

Muslim Empires

•Different leaders affects how their land was run

•Muslims’ now ruled several powerful empires containing various people

Ottoman Empire

•Story Time

•Once upon a time, there were warriors. These warriors were not like any other warriors. They were the OTTOMAN TURKS.

•These OTTOMAN TURKS took land by force with their gunpowder weapons from china, and conquered the Christian Byzantine Empire.

•But they had help from the Janissaries. Who were these magnificent Janissaries?

•They were Christian slave boys who were conquered and forced to fight for the all powerful OTTOMAN TURKS.

•Then there was an all powerful leader. MEHMENT II. He was known as the conqueror.

•Mehemd II defeated the Byzantine empire and turned the beautiful Hagia Sophia. (That Ms. M told you Justinian built for his wife) Into a Mosque. GASP!

•Then there was another leader the SULTAN. He was not as famous as MehmedII but still good. He continued conquering land.

•Then came SULEYMAN I “the magnificent” and he ruled from 1520 to 1566.

•He helped the Ottomans take control of the Eastern Mediterranean.

•Now….

•The Ottoman Empire was pretty much complete. They controlled the Most of the land from the Byzantine Empire and Eastern Mediterranean. (Pink)

•SO…

•The Ottoman Empire set up a Government and Society.

•In their society the ruling class was judges and other people who helped the leader with military and legal matters.

•But the Ottoman Empire was not just made up of Islam's. There were Jews and Christians too.

•So, the Jews and Christians formed religious communities to fit in.

•The Ottoman empire laws were made by the Empire who followed the Shariah for the most part.

•So the Ottoman Empire was happy as could be with all the land its people free.

Monday October 24

Three different Islamic Empires

•Ottoman-Turkish Muslims•Safavid•Mughal

Muslim Empires

•Different leaders affects how their land was run

•Muslims’ now ruled several powerful empires containing various people

The Safavid Empire

•Story Time

•One upon a time there was the Safavid Empire. They were Persian Muslims.

•These Persian Muslims came to power about the same time as the Ottoman Empire but they gained control of different land.

•There land was to the East of the Ottoman Empire. High in the hills away from civilization.

•The Safavids were an interesting group. Because….

•They had an old disagreement between the Shia and Sunni group. You see…

•The Shia believed only members of Muhammad's family could be Caliphs and the Sunni believed well…

•The Sunni believed caliphs didn’t have to be members of Muhammad's Empire.

•So the Safavid Empire became Shia. And in 1501 a leader was announced.

•This leader was Esamil and he conquered Persia. And he made the empire Shia. With Shiism being the official religion.

•So Esmil went to battle against the Ottoman Sunni’s and lost. He later died in 1524. But…

•In 1588 Abbas came to power and wanted to expand, expand expand. He trained foreign boys to be soldiers.

•Abbas blended Persian and Muslim traditions.

•Abbas encouraged manufacturing and trading of traditional products such as silk and metal.

•Abbas made the Safavid Empire Rich and powerful and a lasting Islamic Civilization.

•The Safavid Empire lasted until 1700. GO SAFAVID!

Tuesday October 25

Three different Islamic Empires

•Ottoman-Turkish Muslims•Safavid- Persian Muslims•Mughal

Muslim Empires

•Different leaders affects how their land was run

•Muslims’ now ruled several powerful empires containing various people

Mughal Empire

•Story Time

•Once upon a time there was the Mughal Empire.

•The Empire was founded by a man named Babu. His name meant…

•Tiger.

•Babu tried and tried to start an empire in Central Asia but he constantly failed. So…

•He started an Empire in India. In 1526

•Babu eventually died and Akbar came to power. The most powerful emperor.

•Akbar spread the Empire and made it stronger.

•Akbar was also special.

•He was tolerant.

•He did not discriminate against any religion. He did not believe one religion had all the answers. Sooo.

•He got rid of the taxes on non-Muslims and accepted Hindus.

•In the 1600s the Mughal Empire controlled most of India.

•But…

•In the 1600s the new emperors were not so tolerant of other religions. They Persecuted non-Muslims.

•SO…..

•A revolt took place. Non-Muslims fought the Muslims. And the Mughal empire eventually fell apart.

•However….

•The Mughal Empire is famous for the Taj Mahal. Which was a tomb built between 1631 and 1647 by Akbar's grandson for his wife. AHHH.

•The End.

Islamic Accomplishments

•Astronomy•Geography•Math •Medicine•Art

Astronomy

•Improved the astrolabe

Geography

•Mapped much of the world

Math

•Invented Algebra

Medicine

•Produced a medical encyclopedia•Established public hospitals

Philosophy

•Sufism- teaches that people can find gods love by having a personal relationship with god.